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This dissertation investigates the synthesis and characterization of several rhenium Schiff base complexes as potential radiopharmaceuticals for imaging and therapeutic purposes. A series of acetylacetone derived tetradentate N 2 O 2 Schiff base ligands (i.e., acac 2 en, acac 2 pn, acac 2 dmpn) were reacted with a rhenium (V) starting material (i.e., n-Bu 4 N[ReOCl 4], ReOCl 3 (PPh 3) 2) to yield a series of compounds. In most cases, reaction's involving [n-Bu 4 N][ReOCl 4] with two equivalents of ligand in ethanol yielded monomer complexes of the form trans -[ReO(Ligand)X]. The type of axial substituent, X = Cl -, H 2 O, ReO 4 -, MeO -, found trans to the rhenium oxo group can be adjusted by altering the reaction conditions. A similar reaction utilizing ReOCl 3 (PPh 3) 2, one equivalent of the ligand, and triethylamine yielded [mu]-oxo dimer complexes, trans -[Re 2 O 3 (Ligand) 2]. The conversion of rhenium (V) Schiff base monomer complexes into [mu]-oxo dimer complexes was investigated to gain a better understanding of conditions that yield monomer compounds. Experiments reacting trans -[ReO(acac 2 pn)Cl] with various solution conditions led to the proposal of a dimer formation mechanism that involves two pathways: (1) addition of base(OH - ) and (2) addition of water to generate a trans aquo species and additional water molecules to deprotonate the coordinated water molecule. The rhenium (V) monomer complexes, trans -[ReO(acac 2 en)OH 2]Cl and trans -[ReO(acac 2 pn)Cl], were also reacted with phosphine ligands to potentially generate a bis -phosphine(Schiff base)rhenium(III) cationic complexes, trans -[Re(Ligand)(PR 3) 2] + . The trans -[ReO(acac 2 en)H 2 O]Cl complex yielded the Re (III) complex when reacted with phosphines, while the Schiff base ligand of the [trans -ReO(acac 2 pn)]Cl complex underwent an intramolecular rearrangement to yield an asymmetric complex, [cis -ReO(acac 2 pn)PR 3]X. A mechanism is proposed for the rearrangement of the Schiff base ligand in the complex upon treatment with phosphine ligands. Further experiments with other soft monodentate ligands (i.e., thiocyanate, cyanide) yielded neutral asymmetric complexes. A series of experiments investigated the removal radioactive Tc-99 from solution through precipitation. The study focused on precipitating agents that could be added to a simulated waste stream at a uranium reprocessing plant to remove Tc-99 as a pertechnetate ion pair or a reduced Tc (IV) complex.
This book discusses the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of patients with specific cancers. It presents the incidence, pathophysiologic and clinical aspects of the disease, the use of nuclear imaging in diagnosis, staging requirements, management of specific tumors, and surveillance after primary treatment of cancers. It addresses the various diagnostic/therapeutic options that are currently available or are most likely to become available in the near future according to a prioritized approach, thereby keeping to a minimum the number of diagnostic imaging procedures the patient is expected to undergo. Topics include basic science, clinical applications, radionuclide therapy, radioguided surgery, heart disease in the cancer patient, and adverse effects of cancer therapy. Each clinical chapter discusses the radionuclide procedures within an integrated framework, thereby identifying the information required for effective treatment of specific tumors. The book concludes with a series of updated cases that define and expand the didactic material in the clinical application chapters. Thoroughly updated and revised, the third edition incorporates new clinical evidence validating the use of radionuclides for diagnosis and therapy in oncology, new radiotracers, and the growing integration of imaging modalities into different types of hybrid imaging. With contributions from a group of internationally distinguished practitioners, Nuclear Oncology: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Applications, Third Edition, is a valuable reference for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, medical and surgical oncologists, and other clinicians involved in the care and management of cancer patients.
This book is a comprehensive guide to radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The stunning clinical successes of nuclear imaging and targeted radiotherapy have resulted in rapid growth in the field of radiopharmaceutical chemistry, an essential component of nuclear medicine and radiology. However, at this point, interest in the field outpaces the academic and educational infrastructure needed to train radiopharmaceutical chemists. For example, the vast majority of texts that address radiopharmaceutical chemistry do so only peripherally, focusing instead on nuclear chemistry (i.e. nuclear reactions in reactors), heavy element radiochemistry (i.e. the decomposition of radioactive waste), or solely on the clinical applications of radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. the use of PET tracers in oncology). This text fills that gap by focusing on the chemistry of radiopharmaceuticals, with key coverage of how that knowledge translates to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. The text is divided into three overarching sections: First Principles, Radiochemistry, and Special Topics. The first is a general overview covering fundamental and broad issues like “The Production of Radionuclides” and “Basics of Radiochemistry”. The second section is the main focus of the book. In this section, each chapter’s author will delve much deeper into the subject matter, covering both well established and state-of-the-art techniques in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. This section will be divided according to radionuclide and will include chapters on radiolabeling methods using all of the common nuclides employed in radiopharmaceuticals, including four chapters on the ubiquitously used fluorine-18 and a “Best of the Rest” chapter to cover emerging radionuclides. Finally, the third section of the book is dedicated to special topics with important information for radiochemists, including “Bioconjugation Methods,” “Click Chemistry in Radiochemistry”, and “Radiochemical Instrumentation.” This is an ideal educational guide for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and radiopharmaceutical chemists, as well as residents and trainees in all of these areas.
Radioactive drug development is a multi-disciplinary task. Therefore, dedicated scientists and experts from different fields of specialisation have contributed to this book. The text reviews forty years of advances in radiopharmaceutical development based on Technetium. The first section reviews basic principles and analytic methods, and information on chemical makeup of radiopharmaceuticals. Part 2 reviews 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine, thoroughly outlining their chemistry, formulation, pharmacokinetics and clinical applications.
Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals will continue to have a significant impact in several areas of nuclear medicine. This publication is intended to provide a broad overview of the current status of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals. It includes chapters on the most advanced chemical techniques for labelling biomolecules and synthesizing suitable multifunctional ligands that will help in the development of specific radiotracers. Of special interest for the reader are details of recent research to develop technetium-99m tracers for monitoring different biological processes enabling the develo.
Offering an overview of radioimmunotherapy, this book represents a comprehensive amalgamation of the radiation physics, chemistry, radiobiology, tumor models, and clinical data for targeted radionuclide therapy.
This revised and extended 6 volume handbook set is the most comprehensive and voluminous reference work of its kind in the field of nuclear chemistry. The Handbook set covers all of the chemical aspects of nuclear science starting from the physical basics and including such diverse areas as the chemistry of transactinides and exotic atoms as well as radioactive waste management and radiopharmaceutical chemistry relevant to nuclear medicine. The nuclear methods of the investigation of chemical structure also receive ample space and attention. The international team of authors consists of scores of world-renowned experts - nuclear chemists, radiopharmaceutical chemists and physicists - from Europe, USA, and Asia. The Handbook set is an invaluable reference for nuclear scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, physicians practicing nuclear medicine, graduate students and teachers - virtually all who are involved in the chemical and radiopharmaceutical aspects of nuclear science. The Handbook set also provides further reading via the rich selection of references.