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A comprehensive and richly illustrated overview of the Gulf of Mexico Basin, including its reservoirs, source rocks, tectonics and evolution.
Valhalla Field, discovered in 1979 and located in northwest Alberta, produces from the Upper Cretaceous Doe Creek Member of the Kaskapau Formation. Original reserves in place are 44 x 106m3 of oil, of which 10.3 x 106m3 of oil (82% of recoverable reserves) have been produced (ERCB, 2008). This study evaluates the depositional and diagenetic controls on reservoir quality within the Doe Creek at Valhalla Field in order to identify reservoir-prone facies and predict their distribution in wells lacking core. Analysis of core and well log data indicates that intervals of highest reservoir quality are preferentially associated with thin (meter-scale) sandstone bodies deposited in proximal lower and upper shoreface environments. Based upon the relationships of facies to deep resistivity, mud content as gamma-ray derived shale volume, and density-neutron porosity separation within cemented zones, a well log transform was created that successfully predicts the distribution of reservoir-prone facies and calcite cement.
This volume brings together 17 comprehensive, data-rich analyses to provide an updated perspective on the Mexican Gulf of Mexico, Florida and northern Caribbean. The papers span a broad range of scales and disciplines from plate tectonic evolution to sub-basin scale analysis. Papers are broadly categorised into three themes: 1) geological evolution of the basins of the southern Gulf of Mexico in Mexico, Bahamas and Florida and their hydrocarbon potential; 2) evolution of the region’s Late Cretaceous to Neogene orogens and subsequent denudation history; and 3) geological evolution of the basins and crustal elements of the northern Caribbean. This book and its extensive data sets are essential for all academic and exploration geoscientists working in this area. Two large wall maps are included as fold-outs.
The Pettet Limestone of the Wright Mountain field on the northeastern flank of the East Texas Basin in Smith County, Texas has been a carbonate hydrocarbon reservoir for nearly 70 years. The Upper Sligo interval (Pettet Limestone) was deposited during the lower most part of the Aptian composite section (124 to ~123 Ma) putting the Pettet carbonate strata in a transgressive setting that onlapped continental to shallow marine siliciclastics. The goals of this investigation include: (1) defining the regional and local depositional setting, (2) characterizing the carbonate and siliciclastic lithofacies that compose the section, (3) creating a depositional model that explains the lithofacies in the cored Pettet B and C units, (4) characterizing the type and abundance of organic matter within the lithofacies, (5) describing the paragenesis of the lithofacies, and (6) evaluating the pore types and reservoir quality of the different lithofacies. The depositional model is developed to help understand comparable skeletal oolitic lime packstone and grainstone deposits occurring in other oil and gas fields. After investigation, the Pettet Limestone of the Wright Mountain field was deemed an off-shoal complex (lateral to shoal body). The Pettet B and C units show evidence of a shoaling upward sequence but not necessarily into complete shoal-water complexes (higher energy carbonate shallow-water complexes). The model proposed suggests the Pettet B and C were deposited laterally adjacent to the shoal, in a slightly deeper, lower-energy setting towards the bottom of fair-weather wave base. Products of resedimentation are present in the Pettet Limestone and are likely results of storm remobilization, transport, and subsequent deposition
Late Quaternary stratigraphic evolution of the north Gulf of Mexico margin : a synthesis -- High-resolution stratigraphy of a sandy, ramp-type margin, Apalachicola, Florida -- Late Quaternary stratigraphic evolution of the Alabama-west Florida outher continental shelf -- late Quaternary geology of the northeastern Gulf of Mexico shelf : sedimentology, depositional history, and ancient analogs of a major shelf sand sheet of teh modern transgressive systems tract -- Sequence stratigraphy of a continental margin subjected to low-energy and low-sediment-supply environmental boundary conditions : late Pleistocene-Holocene deposition offshore Alabama -- Late Quaternary deposition and paleobathymetry at the shelf-slope transition, ancestral Mobile River delta complex, northeastern Gulf of Mexico -- Depositional architecture of the Lagniappe Delta : sediment characteristics, timing of depositional events, and temporal relations with adjacent shelf-edge deltas -- Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoenvironments of the Pleistocene Lagniappe Delta and related section, northeastern Gulf of Mexico -- Late Quaternary stratigraphic evolution of the west Lousiana-east Texas continental shelf -- Late Quaternary Brazos and Colorado deltas, offshore Texas, their evolution and the factors that controlled their deposition -- Late Quaternary evolution of the wave-storm-dominated Central Texas Shelf -- Late Quaternary evolution of the Rio Grande Delta.
Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.