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The institution of Panchayati Raj is not new to India. It existed since earliest times. We get ample references about the Panchayats in the Manusmriti, the Arthsastra and the Mahabharata. During the Muslim rule also the system continued to operate unobstructed. With the assumption of power by the British and the adoption of policy of centralization, the Panchayats suffered a temporary setback. But soon the British realized the value of this institution and the Decentralization Commission recommended in its report in 1907. “In ignoring the village as the primary unit of local self- government, the government made the beginning with a false step. This scanty success hit her to make to introduce a system of rural self-government, is largely due to the fact that we have not built from the bottom and hence it is most desirable to constitute and develop village Panchayats for administration of certain local affairs with the villages”
This paper seeks to make a critical review of the current status of the constitionalised panchayati raj institutions (PRIs) in India as institutions of self government and as instruments of planning for economic development and social justice in the light of empirical evidence collected by the researchers and critical analysis of the some of the actions of state . The background of the rise of the "new" panchayat system has been narrated in a nut shell to enable the readers to have an idea of the conceptual and institutional framework of the panchayat system Keeping the central objective in mind the article focuses on the challenges faced by the third generation PRIs in India from within and without and attempts to make an assessment about the future of these institutions. Reference has been made to the experience of some of the states in order to support the comments and observations. The article argues that despite the constitutional amendment to regenerate the PRIs there is still lack of genuine and strong political interest and bureaucratic support to fuel the institutions. These have been manifested in the actions of the state after the constitution has been amended. The traditional factors rooted in the socio-economic structure and political dynamics of the rural society continue to plague the working of these democratic institutions. It has been contended that there is need for another round of constitutional amendment coupled with continuous political and administrative support to ensure steady growth of the PRIs. The author finds a ray of hope in the rise of civil society organizations which have started acting as watchdogs in some of the states. They are working not only for generating awareness among the stakeholders but also for organizing the villagers to assert their rights and in this respect, the right to information has come as great boon.
Kerala'S Development Experiments And Experiences Are Of Profound Significance Throughout The Globe. This Handy Volume Is A Collection Of Twelve Papers Which Deals With Hetrogeneous Topics Ranging From Panchayati Raj, Municipal Administration, Financial Administration, Electoral Politics And Politics Of Development. These Papers Will Help To Throw Light On The Transformation Of The State Polity During The Recent Past. Papers Can Be Broadly Categorised Under Three Major Captions Politics Of Democracy, Decentralisation And Development. The Focus Of Attention In The First Five Chapters Is On The Inestimable Impact Of The Modern Political Forces Political Parties, Interest Groups And Pressure Groups On Kerala Polity. Special Attention Is Paid To Assess And Evaluate The Electoral Process, Voting Behaviour, Participation Of Women And Weaker Sections In Its Dynamism. Chapters Six To Eleven Depict On The Origin, Growth And Performance Of The Civic Bodies Both Rural And Urban On Kerala. This Part Is Of Paramount Importance Because Of The Adoption Of The 73Rd And 74Th Constitution Amendment Acts By The Centre And Its Ratification By The State. The Central Theme Of Discussion In The Concluding Chapter Is To Evaluate The Various Developmental Measures Carried Out By The State For The Upliftment Of Weaker Sections Of Kerala.
Articles chiefly with reference to the state of Rajasthan, India.
Academic Paper from the year 2012 in the subject History - Asia, , language: English, abstract: This paper analyses the decentralization in India with special interest in the history of the country and his government. Decentralization is popularly known as Panchayati raj in India. Panchayati raj institutions have been considered as instruments of socio-economic transformation in rural India. Decentralization of power to the Panchayats is seen as a means of empowering people and involving them in decision making process. Local governments being closer to the people can be more responsive to local needs and can make better use of resources. The democratic system in a country can be ensured only if there is mass participation in the governance. Therefore, the system of democratic decentralization popularly known as Panchayati Raj is considered as an instrument to ensure democracy and socio-economic transformation. From ancient to Mughal period village bodies were the pivot of administration. In the British period our villages remained backward and they lacked all the essentials of civilized existence. They did not have adequate communications, sanitations, public health, medical aid, good education facilities and all other things that a modern man needs as essentials of life. In the independent India, The role of the local self government acquired a new significance.
This book explores experiences, issues and challenges which have emerged since Constitutional status was granted to the local bodies at grassroots level in India in the early 1990s. Among other issues, it focuses on: the contrasting political ideas of Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar on Panchayati Raj Institutions the legal and constitutional provisions which were introduced through the 73rd and 74th Amendment Acts the devolution process, status and challenges of democracy for local governmental bodies empowerment of the women and lower castes through reservations in the local bodies governance in Schedule V and VI tribal areas Based on extensive fieldwork across India, this volume will be useful to scholars and researchers of political science, sociology, public administration as well as policymakers and civil society activists.