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A vivid portrait of the president of the Justice and Equality Movement in Sudan (JEM), from his beginnings as a humble camel herder to his rise a major geopolitical figure, Darfur, JEM and the Khalil Ibrahim story also offers key insights for readers interested in African governance, political systems and state formation. Activists, NGOs and anyone involved in African politics will find it indispensable in their effort to bring peace to Darfur and Sudan at large.
This is a collection of twenty essays written over forty years between 1962 and 2004 on the Sudan, southern Sudan and Darfur. Four decades of civil war has cost more than two million dead and another six million refugees and Internally Displaced Persons. Now, after a decade of ambivalent and frustrating negotiations, a peace agreement between the Sudan People's Liberation Movement and the Government of the Sudan has finally been signed on 9 January 2005 leaving in its wake a devastated southern Sudan - its infrastructure completely destroyed, its fragile economy in ruins, and its people exhausted after nearly half a century of fierce fighting. Although these twenty essays include such topics as nation-building, the dynamics of racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious identity, the politics of oil, and the legacy of slavery, most of them are concerned with conflict in the Sudan, its participants, and the reasons why and it began and has continued for so long. These essays are presented here in chronological order, the aggregate becomes a unique history of the Sudan's terrible civil war that cannot be found elsewhere. the independent Sudan are woven into the text of each revealing new insights into the history of these tumultuous decades.
What happened after Africa's biggest country split in two? When South Sudan ran up its flag in July 2011, two new nations came into being. In South Sudan a former rebel movement faces colossal challenges in building a new country. At independence it was one of the least developed places on earth, after decades of conflict and neglect. The '"rump state'", Sudan, has been debilitated by devastating civil wars, including in Darfur, and lost a significant part of its territory, and most of its oil wealth, after the divorce from the South. In the years after separation, the two Sudans dealt with crippling economic challenges, struggled with new and old rebellions, and fought each other along their disputed border. Benefiting from unsurpassed access to the politicians, rebels, thinkers and events that are shaping the Sudans, Copnall draws a compelling portrait of two misunderstood countries. A Poisonous Thorn in Our Hearts argues that Sudan and South Sudan remain deeply interdependent, despite their separation. It also diagnoses the political failings that threaten the future of both countries. The author puts the turmoil of the years after separation into a broader context, reflecting the voices, hopes and experiences of Sudanese and South Sudanese from all walks of life.
This book is a study of the historical, political, and legal events that led to the secession of South Sudan. After an opening chapter on the historical background of the Sudan from early times until independence, the book gives a brief account of how the British Condominium administration ruled the country generally and the policies adopted by it with respect to the Southern Provinces. It then proceeds to discuss in some detail how the democratically elected independence governments and the country's first military regime tackled North/South relations and the complicating factor of Islamisation adopted by Omar al-Bashir's regime and the detail of the negotiations in Abuja and Naivasha ending with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement and the interim constitution. The book ends with a two-section epilogue, the first of which deals with the problems still unsolved and continue to threaten peaceful neighborly relations between Sudan and South Sudan, principally Abyei and its Njok Dinka inha
This book examines the sources of the genocidal violence in Darfur, and addresses the peace initiatives undertaken to resolve this conflict, using a 'conflict-complementarity' framework.
This book analyzes the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in the context of the conflict in Darfur, using detailed empirical evidence. The volume traces Darfur’s evolution from forgotten conflict to a major global cause and back to obscurity. The emergence of a far-reaching international response to the war in Darfur began in 2004 and included the most influential international advocacy movement since the anti-apartheid campaign and one of the world’s largest peacekeeping missions. The book analyzes how Darfur slid back into international obscurity after 2011, despite ongoing violence against civilians and the continued risk of conflict escalation following Omar al-Bashir’s ousting in April 2019. Based on an analysis of more than 100 interviews and over 1,000 media reports, the book examines one of the most pressing questions related to the R2P: why do some situations of mass atrocities cause an international outcry, while others are met with complacency and silence? It argues that the presence or absence of a compelling narrative, which frames a situation in moral terms and unambiguously conveys who is responsible, who suffers, and what should be done, facilitates whether or not sufficient traction will be gained to beget a robust R2P response. This book will be of much interest to students of the Responsibility to Protect, human rights, peacekeeping, conflict resolution, African politics and International Relations in general.
Building on his successful book, The First Islamist Republic, Abdullahi A. Gallab’s Their Second Republic: Islamism in the Sudan from Disintegration to Oblivion deals with Islamism, its representations, history, and transformations in the region. Continuing the study of Islamism in power the book affirms the continuous disintegration of the Islamist movement in the Sudan taking a critical look at its institutions and their ideological and rhetorical stances. The book provides an entry point into Hasan al-Turabi’s Islamism, its local regimes and their disintegration. The book addresses the profound transformations that stem from the anachronistic qualities of political Islam as it deploys violence to maintain power. Gallab describes this as savage separation of religion and state. The main focus of the book is to provide a socio-historical analysis of developments and transformations of historic forms of Islamism and its runaway world as well as situating it in its local and global contexts.
The Real Politics of the Horn of Africa delves into the business of politics in the turbulent, war-torn countries of north-east Africa. It is a contemporary history of how politicians, generals and insurgents bargain over money and power, and use of war to achieve their goals. Drawing on a thirty-year career in Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia, including experience as a participant in high-level peace talks, Alex de Waal provides a unique and compelling account of how these countries’ leaders run their governments, conduct their business, fight their wars and, occasionally, make peace. De Waal shows how leaders operate on a business model, securing funds for their ‘political budgets’ which they use to rent the provisional allegiances of army officers, militia commanders, tribal chiefs and party officials at the going rate. This political marketplace is eroding the institutions of government and reversing statebuildingÑand it is fuelled in large part by oil exports, aid funds and western military assistance for counter-terrorism and peacekeeping. The Real Politics of the Horn of Africa is a sharp and disturbing book with profound implications for international relations, development and peacemaking in the Horn of Africa and beyond.
This book traces the formation of the Sudanese state following the Second World War through a developmentalist ideology.
Given the brutality of mass atrocities, it is no wonder that one question dominates research and policy: what can we, who are not at risk, do to prevent such violence and hasten endings? But this question skips a more fundamental question for understanding the trajectory of violence: how do mass atrocities actually end? This volume presents an analysis of the processes, decisions, and factors that help bring about the end of mass atrocities. It includes qualitatively rich case studies from Burundi, Guatemala, Indonesia, Sudan, Bosnia, and Iraq, drawing patterns from wide-ranging data. As such, it offers a much needed correction to the popular 'salvation narrative' framing mass atrocity in terms of good and evil. The nuanced, multidisciplinary approach followed here represents not only an essential tool for scholars, but an important step forward in improving civilian protection.