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Milk as a food; The composition of milk; Genetic factors; Breed and individuality of the cow; Environmental factors; Milk chemistry; Physical status of milk; pH and acidity; Milk constituents; Microbiology; Bacteria; Moulds; Yeasts; Viruses; Milk microbiology; Microbiology of butter; Clean milk production; Sources of contamination; Cooling milk; Milk reception, dairy accounting and record keeping; Reception; Dairy accounting and record keeping; Milk processing; Milk separation; Buttermaking with fresh milk or cream; Buttermaking with sour whole milk; Ghee, butter oil and dry butterfat; Cheesemaking using fresh milk; Cheesemaking with sour skim milk; Milk fermentations; Cleaning, sanitising and sterilising dairy equipment; Dairy water supplies; Chemical used for cleaning; Cleaning procedure; Sampling and analysis of milk, milk products and water; Sampling; Milk pH; Titratable acidity test; Alcohol test; Clot-on-boiling test; Fat determination; Specific gravity of milk; Total solids (TS) in milk; Formaldehyde in milk; Methylene blue reduction test; Resazurin 10-minute test; Sediment or visible dirt test; Moisture content of butter; Salt content of butter; Protein content of milk by formaldehyde titration; Estimation of hardness in water; Dairy building design and construction; Site selection; Type of building; Arrangement and installation of equipment.
This authoritative two-volume reference provides valuable, necessary information on the principles underlying the production of microbiologically safe and stable foods. The work begins with an overview and then addresses four major areas: 'Principles and application of food preservation techniques' covers the specific techniques that defeat growth of harmful microorganisms, how those techniques work, how they are used, and how their effectiveness is measured. 'Microbial ecology of different types of food' provides a food-by-food accounting of food composition, naturally occurring microflora, effects of processing, how spoiling can occur, and preservation. 'Foodborne pathogens' profiles the most important and the most dangerous microorganisms that can be found in foods, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, mycotoxins, and 'mad cow disease.' The section also looks at the economic aspects and long-term consequences of foodborne disease. 'Assurance of the microbiological safety and quality of foods' scrutinizes all aspects of quality assurance, including HACCP, hygienic factory design, methods of detecting organisms, risk assessment, legislation, and the design and accreditation of food microbiology laboratories. Tables, photographs, illustrations, chapter-by-chapter references, and a thorough index complete each volume. This reference is of value to all academic, research, industrial and laboratory libraries supporting food programs; and all institutions involved in food safety, microbiology and food microbiology, quality assurance and assessment, food legislation, and generally food science and technology.
Throughout the world, milk and milk products are indispensable components of the food chain. Not only do individual consumers use liquid milk for beverages and cooking, but food manufacturers use vast quantities of milk powder, concentrated milks, butter, and cream as raw materials for further processing. Effective quality assurance in the dairy industry is needed now more than ever. This completely revised and expanded Third Edition of Dairy Microbiology Handbook, comprising both Volume I: Microbiology of Milk and Volume II: Microbiology of Milk Products, updates the discipline’s authoritative text with the latest safety research, guidelines, and information. Pathogens have become a major issue in dairy manufacturing. Escheria coli is a concern, and milk-borne strains of Mycobacterium avium sub-sp. paratuberculosis have been identified as a possible cause of Crohn’s disease. Even little-known parasites like Cryptosporidium have caused disease outbreaks. Consequently, a hazard analysis of selected control/critical points (HACCP) in any manufacturing process has become essential to prevent the contamination of food. This volume also: -Discusses new diagnostic techniques that allow a pathogen to be detected in a retail sample in a matter of hours rather than days -Provides thorough coverage of dairy microbiology principles as well as practical applications -Includes the latest developments in dairy starter cultures and genetic engineering techniques -Offers completely updated standards for Good Manufacturing Practice Quality control and product development managers, microbiologists, dairy scientists, engineers, and graduate students will find the Third Edition of Dairy Microbiology Handbook to be a vital resource.
Whilst milk fat has always been appreciated for its flavour, the market had suffered from concerns over cardiovascular diseases associated with the consumption of animal fats. However, recent clinical studies have indicated benefits, particularly in relation to conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), in the prevention of certain diseases. The range of spreads has also increased, including the addition of probiotic organisms and/or plant extracts to reduce serum cholesterol levels. The primary aim of this publication is to detail the state-of-the-art manufacturing methods for: Cream Butter Yellow fat spreads, both pure milk fat based and mixtures with other fats Anhydrous milk fat and its derivatives Coverage of the manufacturing technologies is complemented by examinations of the relevant nutrition issues and analytical methods. The authors, who are all specialists in their fields in respect to these products, have been chosen from around the world. It is hoped that the book will provide a valuable reference work for dairy scientists and technologists within the dairy industry and those with similar processing requirements, as well as researchers and students, thus becoming an important component of the SDT’s Technical Series. The Editor Dr Adnan Y. Tamime is a Consultant in Dairy Science and Technology, Ayr, UK. He is the Series Editor of the SDT’s Technical Book Series. For information regarding the SDT, please contact Maurice Walton, Executive Director, Society of Dairy Technology, P.O. Box 12, Appleby in Westmorland CA16 6YJ, UK. email: [email protected] Also available from Wiley-Blackwell Milk Processing and Quality Management Edited by A.Y. Tamime ISBN 978 1 4051 4530 5 Cleaning-in-Place Edited by A.Y. Tamime ISBN 978 1 4051 5503 8 Advanced Dairy Science and Technology Edited by T. Britz and R. Robinson ISBN 978 1 4051 3618 1 International Journal of Dairy Technology Published quarterly Print ISSN: 1364 727X Online ISSN: 1471 0307
The second of a seven-volume series, The Literature of the Agricultural Sciences, this book analyzes the trends in published literature of agricultural engineering during the past century with emphasis on the last forty years. It uses citation analysis and other bibliometric techniques to identify the most important journals, report series, and monographs for the developed countries as well as those in the Third World.
The first edition of Advances in the Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk was aimed at the gap in the literature between the many excellent technical texts on the one hand, and the widely scattered scientific literature on the other. We tried to present the state of the art in pre competitive research in a predigested, yet scientifically coherent form, and relate it to the marketable properties of fermented dairy products. In this way, researchers could use the book to mentally step back from their specializations and see how far they had progressed as a community; at the same time we hoped that R&D-based companies could use it to assess the utility (or lack of it) of the research output in setting out their research acquisition strategy for product improvement and innovation. In a sense, the first edition could claim to have initiated Technology Foresight in its limited field before Government caught the idea, and it certainly gave the science base an opportunity to display its talents and resources as a potential source of wealth creation, well before this became an 'official' function of publicly funded science and technology. Thus, the first edition was intended as a progressive move within the growing science and technology literature, and judged by its market success, it seems to have served precisely that purpose.
The processing of food is no longer simple or straightforward, but is now a highly inter-disciplinary science. A number of new techniques have developed to extend shelf-life, minimize risk, protect the environment, and improve functional, sensory, and nutritional properties. Since 1999 when the first edition of this book was published, it has facilitated readers’ understanding of the methods, technology, and science involved in the manipulation of conventional and newer sophisticated food preservation methods. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Food Preservation provides a basic background in postharvest technology for foods of plant and animal origin, presenting preservation technology of minimally processed foods and hurdle technology or combined methods of preservation. Each chapter compiles the mode of food preservation, basic terminologies, and sequential steps of treatments, including types of equipment required. In addition, chapters present how preservation method affects the products, reaction kinetics and selected prediction models related to food stability, what conditions need be applied for best quality and safety, and applications of these preservation methods in different food products. This book emphasizes practical, cost-effective, and safe strategies for implementing preservation techniques for wide varieties of food products. Features: Includes extensive overview on the postharvest handling and treatments for foods of plants and animal origin Describes comprehensive preservation methods using chemicals and microbes, such as fermentation, antimicrobials, antioxidants, pH-lowering, and nitrite Explains comprehensive preservation by controlling of water, structure and atmosphere, such as water activity, glass transition, state diagram, drying, smoking, edible coating, encapsulation and controlled release Describes preservation methods using conventional heat and other forms of energy, such as microwave, ultrasound, ohmic heating, light, irradiation, pulsed electric field, high pressure, and magnetic field Revised, updated, and expanded with 18 new chapters, the Handbook of Food Preservation, Third Edition, remains the definitive resource on food preservation and is useful for practicing industrial and academic food scientists, technologists, and engineers.