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What is money? We use it every day without giving it a thought. But money isn't limited to coins and paper. It includes a wide range of so-called primitive or traditional currency, surrogates for cash, and even things that are quite invisible. Join award-winning author Robert Leonard as he trots the globe exploring the development of money from the Stone Age to the Internet Age. You'll find a treasure trove inside this colorful, entertaining and authoritative book: gold, silver, and blocks of salt ... elephant tails, Yap stones, and chocolate bars ... iron nails, whale teeth, human skulls, and hundreds of other pieces of odd and curious money. Each has a fascinating story. Each holds a lesson for anyone who earns, spends, or collects money today. Book jacket.
What is Currency Currency is a standardization of money in any form, in use or circulation as a medium of exchange, such as banknotes and coins. Currency can be used to refer to any type of money. A currency is a system of money that is used in a common manner within a particular setting throughout a period of time, particularly for the general population of a nation state. This is a more generic meaning of the term. As per this particular definition, the British Pound sterling, euros, Japanese yen, and United States dollars are all instances of fiat currencies that are issued by the government. In addition to serving as a means of storing value, currencies can also be transferred between countries on foreign exchange markets. These markets are responsible for determining the relative values of the various currencies. In this sense, currencies are either chosen by users or legislated by governments, and each form has limited bounds of acceptance; for example, legal tender rules may require a specific unit of account for payments to government entities. Each type of currency has its own defined boundaries of acceptance. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Currency Chapter 2: Gold standard Chapter 3: Seigniorage Chapter 4: Afghan afghani Chapter 5: Philippine peso Chapter 6: Legal tender Chapter 7: Hong Kong dollar Chapter 8: Argentine peso Chapter 9: Singapore dollar Chapter 10: Indian rupee Chapter 11: Cuban peso Chapter 12: Convertibility Chapter 13: Bermudian dollar Chapter 14: Soviet ruble Chapter 15: History of the United States dollar Chapter 16: History of the Canadian dollar Chapter 17: Japanese currency Chapter 18: Money Chapter 19: United States dollar Chapter 20: Fiat money Chapter 21: Paper money of the Qing dynasty (II) Answering the public top questions about currency. (III) Real world examples for the usage of currency in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Currency.
Sebastian Chase was little more than a struggling millennial, trying to make a living in London and failing miserably. That is, until a decision to stop his car and accept a phone call narrowly saves him from a would-be fatal accident. What's more strange is the voice on the other end of the line, telling him he's been hired for a job he doesn't remember applying for. Osman's Curiosity Shop is a place of quiet wonder, filled with magical artifacts, weaponry, and knickknacks. But when he finds an old pocket watch that throws him back to 16th century London, Sebastian suddenly, finds himself deep in the world of magic, mystery, and mayhem. Thus begins a journey back to the present as Sebastian is tugged through time. With the threat of a magical war that seems to carry on through every century he visits, and the immortal twins who appear to be right in the middle of it all, Sebastian learns that the world's darkest secrets have been hiding in plain sight all along.
Access to coins and paper from around the world is at an all-time high, while prices continue to sit at higher than historical levels. With these factors working in tandem, capitalizing on opportunities, calls for insight on up-to-date information from a reliable source. With a blend of condition and grading details, updated values and full-color photos of Canadian, European, South African, African and Asians coins and paper money, this book is the perfect resource whether you're new to collecting or a seasoned collector looking for solid facts in a compact package.
Because most people and their countries seek wealth and power, and because money and credit are the biggest single influence on how wealth and power rise and decline, if one does not seek knowledge of how money works, one cannot understand the biggest driver of politics within and between countries; hence one cannot understand how the world order works. If one doesn’t understand how the world order works, one can’t understand the post-pandemic debt tsunami that’s coming. I believe that the times ahead will be radically different from the times we have experienced so far in our lifetimes. It is indeed quite astonishing that money, ever-present in our lives, is so poorly understood; even by many economic experts themselves. This incomprehension stems from the deliberate efforts of the financial sector to “obscure its activities” in order to maintain its omnipotence. This book seeks to address this “crisis of ignorance” by providing an easily understood and comprehensive understanding of money in the hope of empowering people against finance’s grip over their lives and those of their society. The digital revolution post-pandemic, will lead to a radical departure from the traditional model of monetary exchange. The creation of a Digital Financial Market Infrastructure will underpin the unbundling and re-bundling of the functions of money within society. Although digital money itself is not new to modern economies, digital legal tender (DLT), which exists without any Ledger or Central Bank, will facilitate instantaneous peer-to-peer transfers of value in a way that today is impossible. The importance of digital connectedness, will often supersede the importance of macroeconomic links, and lead to the establishment of “Digital Financial Markets” linking the currency to membership of a particular financial market rather than to a specific country. Capitalism underpins wealth generation and hence the existence of a free digital financial market. This book seeks to transform Money into a digital currency, which supports a more equitable access to capital, and ensure its convertibility into a universal World Currency Unit as digital legal tender. Digital currencies without borders may also cause an upheaval of the international monetary system: countries that are socially or digitally integrated with their neighbours may face digital dollarization, and the prevalence of systemically important platforms could lead to the emergence of digital currency areas that transcend national borders. Digital legal tender, within a multiplicity of currencies, ensures that money as a public good, remains a relevant medium of exchange which achieves payment finality to all transactions. Additionally, the universal supranational-currency, the World Currency Unit is defined to support the global transfer of value between any two people on the planet today, without the need for any treaties, or financial service intermediaries. Universal access to capital which is readily convertible to globally trusted units of account combined with a censorship-resistant means of payment underpins global trade, will improve market access for holders of low per-unit value, producers, and consumers in developing and developed countries. The Vision is a Borderless Global Market, underpinning universal wealth creation, which never closes… This book defines the Universe of Discourse(domain) and hence creates a shared conceptual schema (or language) within which to communicate and deploy a Digital Currency, to achieve universal legal finality to all financial transactions.