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Ferment, a sign of progress in any scientific field, has previously been lacking in the area of cryptorchidism, where the only activity has been in improving operative methods. Now, however, profound changes in the care of boys with cryptorchidism are being brought about; ideas are arising from a fresh look at comparative anatomy, and histological and experimental observa tions are being supplemented by clinical tests made possible by new hormonal agents. The treatment of cryptorchidism begins with its recognition by the pediatri cian, who until now has shown little interest because of disappointing results from chorionic gonadotropin administration. As for the surgeon, his bent toward restoration of normal anatomical relationships has kept his attention focused on the development of better surgical technics to bring the recalci trant testis into the scrotum. Both specialists have avoided the primordial question of why the testis did not descend properly. If this were known they would treat the cause of cryptorchidism, and not be satisfied merely with trying to correct its end result. As one reads this book, one sees that in most patients cryptorchidism is not caused by some anatomical structure blocking the way or by some deformity of the testis interfering with the transport mechanism. Rather, deficiencies in the hormonal environment of the fetus retard the developmen tal sequences essential to the normal differentiation and descent of the testis. The clinical solution is thus to provide the deficient substances.
Written in a simple point by point style for ease of use, this volume covers all aspects of pediatric surgery with emphasis on important points for diagnosis and management. Each chapter covers a topic with emphasis on the most common conditions in neonatal and general pediatric surgery. The text is well illustrated with clinical, operative, radiological, and histopathological color figures and illustrations. The book also presents some of the rare conditions encountered in pediatric surgery, as well as common pediatric urology conditions. An Illustrated Guide to Pediatric Surgery is a useful reference to pediatric surgeons, specialists, fellows and residents, as well as general surgeons, pediatricians, neonatologists, medical students and interns interested in pediatric surgery.
This book provides a practical guide to the congenital and acquired problems related to pediatric surgery and urology. A range of topics are covered, including; abdominal wall hernias, hemangioma and vascular malformations, gastrochesis, achalasia, congenital gastric outlet obstruction, renal and liver tumors, intestinal malrotation, and hydronephrosis. The book aims to be a quick reference text for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric surgery conditions and presents information relevant to general surgeons, pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, and medical trainees.
This book provides a state of the art overview of all aspects of testicular descent and cryptorchidism, including the mechanisms of descent and the causes, consequences, diagnosis, and treatment of undescended testis. The advances in understanding that have been achieved over the past two decades are clearly explained, covering the latest genetic information on the causes of normal and abnormal testicular descent, the role of INSL3 in transabdominal migration, and the evidence that a neurotransmitter released from the genitofemoral nerve mediates androgenic control of inguinoscrotal descent. Exciting changes in the management of both congenital and acquired cryptorchidism, such as the widespread use of laparoscopy for impalpable testes inside the abdominal cavity, are fully described. Evidence for the benefits of orchidopexy within the first year of life is reviewed, and an individual chapter is also devoted to hormonal treatment. Throughout the book due attention is given to ongoing controversies and divergences of opinion. This new edition of Descent of the Testis will be a timely update and valuable reference for all who are involved in research into testicular descent and management of cryptorchidism.
Atlas on the Human Testis: Normal Morphology and Pathology presents histological illustrative material from paraffin and semi-thin sections of the human testis which are routinely used in the assessment of testicular morphology, allowing an early detection of carcinoma in situ and more advanced pathological changes of the testicular parenchyma. The early detection of cancer in situ is based on the careful morphological investigation of the biopsy and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Therefore, this atlas contains detailed descriptions of IHC methods as well as modern molecular biological methods such as DNA microarrays and proteomics and advanced microscopy techniques related to the testicular biopsy. Adequate evaluation of the testicular biopsy leads to high cure rates of testicular neoplasms which can be used as a basis to successfully treat infertility in men. Atlas on the Human Testis: Normal Morphology and Pathology is a valuable reference tool which will appeal to andrologists, urologists, pathologists, clinical embryologists, as well as reproductive biology scientists.
Current knowledge concerning both morphological and functional cryptorchid-related alterations in the various testicular compartments is summarized in this valuable new publication. Damage to the germinal epithelium and resulting infertility in both humans and experimental animals as well as the degree of damage to the different stages of germ cell development is discussed. In addition, information concerning hormonal therapy and orchidopexy to reverse cryptorchid-related damage is provided. Morphological alterations in Sertoli and Leydig cells is discussed in terms of cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia, alterations in organelle number and characteristics as well as changes in cell-cell junctional complexes. Changes in Sertoli cell and Leydig cell function, including gonadotropin binding, steroidogenesis and other metabolic alterations is also outlined,as well as the influence of altered testicular function on subsequent hypothalamic-pituitary changes. Vascular disruption, the potential role of paracrine substances and direct thermal damage, all of which may be responsible for the resulting detrimental changes in one or more testicular compartments, are considered.
Equine Reproductive Procedures is a user-friendly guide to reproductive management, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic techniques on stallions, mares, and foals. Offering detailed descriptions of 161 procedures ranging from common to highly specialized, the book gives step-by-step instructions with interpretative information, as well as useful equipment lists and references for further reading. Presented in a highly portable spiral-bound format, Equine Reproductive Procedures is a practical resource for daily use in equine practice. Divided into sections on the non-pregnant mare, the pregnant mare, the postpartum mare, the stallion, and the newborn foal, the book is well-illustrated throughout with clinical photographs demonstrating procedures. Equine Reproductive Procedures provides practical guidance for performing basic and advanced techniques associated with the medical management of horses.
This richly-illustrated book is a reader-friendly reference guide on pediatric gynecology covering both congenital and acquired conditions. Discussing a broad range of conditions from ovarian cysts and endometriosis to disorders of sexual development and breast disorders, this book presents the topics in a concise manner using a practical approach. Each chapter is divided into sections that cover all aspects of the topic including radiology, surgery and clinical aspects and the text is accompanied by ample images.The book will be of use to general surgeons, pediatricians, pediatric surgeons, pediatric endocrinologists, pediatric urologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists.
This unique, case-based guide provides a thoughtful and comprehensive overview of the genetic basis of male infertility for the practicing clinician. In addition to discussing the molecular foundations of sperm production and the consequences of genetic abnormalities on various stages of sperm development, it examines the clinical aspects of acknowledged genetic disorders and their implications on male fertility. In so doing, it offers the necessary tools required by the clinician for the diagnosis and treatment of infertile men with genetic abnormalities. Moreover, it provides essential algorithms that may aid in counseling patients in the clinic. The text is arranged in four thematic sections for easy reference. The genetic foundation of male reproduction is presented in part 1, including regulation of sperm production, the structure of sperm chromatin, and spermatogenesis. The impact of genetic abnormalities on male infertility is the subject of part 2, covering sperm defects, mitochondrial function and DNA fragmentation. The clinical case material in part 3 illustrates real-world examples of genetic etiologies and the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for conditions such as vas asplasia, cryptorchidism, immotile cilia syndrome, sperm aneuploidy and other challenging scenarios. Casting forward, the fourth and final section presents an overview of future possibilities for management of genetic causes of male infertility, including gene editing. Fully exploring the clinical context of these genetic conditions in a practical manner that appeals to the practicing clinician, Genetics of Male Infertility is an exciting and essential text for reproductive medicine specialists, andrologists, urologists, researchers and all other clinicians treating infertile patients.
The testicular descent (descensus testis) is described in a complete series of human material from stage 14 CC to the adult state by using own phases. Central points of interest in this work are answers to questions which have been discussed controversially by generations of scientists and which are wrong or inadequately documented in most textbooks of embryology: Does an inner gonadal descent exist? What about origin, role and fate of gubernaculum H., processus vaginalis peritonei and gonadal ligaments? How do the annexes of testis come into their final position? The results are based on serial sections, scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional reconstructions, microdissection and immunohistochemistry.