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Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: 16, Saarland University (Europa Institut), course: Europäisches und Internationales Recht, language: English, abstract: The thesis aims at giving a country report of The Gambia, starting by presenting the country's historical, cultural and legal background. Then its social, political and economic situation will be touched upon and the country's FDI regime and investment law in general will be laid out. The areas in which FDI could be attracted, how this is done and could be improved will be discussed as well as the promotion and protection of investment, the expropriation and compensation and the dispute settlement of investment related matters. It will finally lay out the international and bilateral treaties the country has signed in the realm of investment, evaluate the different aspects and give recommendations for the future. In a globalized world international investment as well as investment treaties gain more importance. Investment laws have as their function investment promotion, sustainable development and legal certainty for domestic and foreign investors. Especially in less developed countries like The Gambia, which were held down mostly due to political reasons and mismanagement, it seems that a time to attract more Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and develop a more competitive economy has come. The Gambian people elected a new president in 2017 and the former 'Jammeh' regime having lasted for 22 years came to an end. Thus, with the new government common practices like unlawful expropriation seized to exist and it even enacted a Truth, Reconciliation and Reparations Commission (TRRC) to respond to the needs of victims under the former regime and to promote healing and reconciliation. It also introduced a vision and strategic plan to enhance the Gambia's economy further, the National Development Plan (NDP). The NDP has been aiming at delivering good governance, social cohes
This Technical Assistance Report discusses that in the Maldives, public investment trends have been influenced by a number of contextual factors including the economic dependency on tourism, the high exposure to climate change, and the recent democratization. The mission assessed the strength and quality of public investment management (PIM) in the Maldives using the IMF Public Investment Management framework, based on the three phases of the PIM cycle. The report highlights that the most significant weakness in the PIM and the wider Public Financial Management system is poor budget credibility and budget execution. However, some progress has been made in improving PIM institutions, and reforms are ongoing in a number of areas. It is imperative to strengthen the project appraisal process by developing a standard methodology for project appraisal, publishing this methodology and verifying that it is consistently applied by the line ministries. It is also important to develop a framework for ex-post evaluations and ensure that lessons learned from past projects are incorporated in revised guidelines and practices.
The authorities’ response to policy recommendations in the 2005 Article IV Consultation has been generally positive, and authorities successfully completed an SMP. The appreciation reflects the tightening of monetary policy and increased inflows of remittances, transfers, and FDI. The Gambian economy has stayed relatively competitive. The principal purpose of the SMP was to help the authorities reestablish a policy track record. In particular, over commitments, expenditure overruns, and extrabudgetary expenditures risk further accumulation of domestic arrears and/or increased domestic borrowing.
Public investment supports the delivery of key public services, connects citizens and firms to economic opportunities, and can serve as an important catalyst for economic growth. After three decades of decline, public investment has begun to recover as a share of GDP in emerging markets (EMs) and low income developing countries (LIDCs), but remains at historic lows in advanced economies (AEs). The increase in public investment in EMs and LIDCs has led to some convergence between richer and poorer countries in the quality of and access to social infrastructure (e.g., schools and hospitals), and, to a lesser extent, economic infrastructure (e.g., roads and electricity). However, the economic and social impact of public investment critically depends on its efficiency. Comparing the value of public capital (input) and measures of infrastructure coverage and quality (output) across countries reveals average inefficiencies in public investment processes of around 30 percent. The economic dividends from closing this efficiency gap are substantial: the most efficient public investors get twice the growth “bang” for their public investment “buck” than the least efficient.
Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.
Increased global demand for land posits the need for well-designed country-level land policies to protect long-held rights, facilitate land access and address any constraints that land policy may pose for broader growth. While the implementation of land reforms can be a lengthy process, the need to swiftly identify key land policy challenges and devise responses that allow the monitoring of progress, in a way that minimizes conflicts and supports broader development goals, is clear. The Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF) makes a substantive contribution to the land sector by providing a quick and innovative tool to monitor land governance at the country level. The LGAF offers a comprehensive diagnostic tool that covers five main areas for policy intervention: Legal and institutional framework; Land use planning, management and taxation; Management of public land; Public provision of land information; and Dispute resolution and conflict management. The LGAF assesses these areas through a set of detailed indicators that are rated on a scale of pre-coded statements (from lack of good governance to good practice). While land governance can be highly technical in nature and tends to be addressed in a partial and sporadic manner, the LGAF posits a tool for a comprehensive assessment, taking into account the broad range of issues that land governance encompasses, while enabling those unfamiliar with land to grasp its full complexity. The LGAF will make it possible for policymakers to make sense of the technical levels of the land sector, benchmark governance, identify areas that require further attention and monitor progress. It is intended to assist countries in prioritizing reforms in the land sector by providing a holistic diagnostic review that can inform policy dialogue in a clear and targeted manner. In addition to presenting the LGAF tool, this book includes detailed case studies on its implementation in five selected countries: Peru, the Kyrgyz Republic, Ethiopia, Indonesia and Tanzania.