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Heating and cooling load calculations are carried out to estimate the required capacity of heating and cooling systems, which can maintain the required conditions in the conditioned space. To estimate the required cooling or heating capacities, one has to have information regarding the design indoor and outdoor conditions, specifications of the building, specifications of the conditioned space (such as the occupancy, activity level, various appliances and equipment used etc.) and any special requirements of the particular application. For comfort applications, the required indoor conditions are fixed by the criterion of thermal comfort, while for industrial or commercial applications the required indoor conditions are fixed by the particular processes being performed or the products being stored. Generally, heating and cooling load calculations involve a systematic and stepwise procedure, which account for all the building energy flows. In practice, a variety of methods ranging from simple rules-of-thumb to complex transfer function methods are used to arrive at the building loads. This short quick book provides a procedure for preparing a manual calculation for cooling load using CLTD/CLF method suggested by ASHRAE and includes two detailed examples. For more advanced methods such as TFM, the reader should refer to ASHRAE and other handbooks.Learning ObjectiveAt the end of this course, the student should be able to: 1. Understand the basic terminology and definitions related to air conditioning load calculations 2. Explain the differences between heating and cooling load design considerations3. Explain the difference between 1) space heat gain v/s cooling load 2) space cooling v/s cooling load and 3) external loads v/s internal loads4. Differentiate between sensible and latent loads5. List commonly used methods for estimating cooling loads 6. Estimate the internal and external cooling loads using CLTD/CLF method from building specifications, design indoor and outdoor conditions, occupancy etc. 7. Describe various equations and the information sources to determine conductive load through opaque building elements.8. Describe various equations and information sources to determine the solar transmission load through glazing.9. Describe various equations and information sources to determine the internal load due to people, lights and power appliances.10. Determine the supply air flow rate11. Learn by examples the detailed methodology to cooling load calculations12. Learn the functional parameters of software programs such as TRACE 700 and CHVAC
"Focuses on the radiant time series and heat balance methods for calculating cooling loads in nonresidential buildings. The intended audience is relatively new engineers who are learning to do load calculations, as well as experienced engineers who wish to learn the radiant time series method"--Provided by publisher.
The prime requirement in respect of the indoor climate in a building is that room temperature should be at a comfortable level, regardless of the weather conditions outside. As soon as the ambient temperature is lower than the indoor temperature, heat flows out from the building through its boundary surfaces (the building envelope). At the same time, the building also loses heat through air infiltration, i.e. the inward leakage of outdoor air into the building through gaps and cavities in walls, roofs, doors and windows. Bearing in mind the fact that the indoor temperature in most buildings is maintained at a little over 65°F, this means, throughout most of the year, the building is losing heat to its surroundings.This 5-hour course, discusses the stepwise procedure to determine the rate of heat loss through building elements using a process called heat loss calculation. You will learn how to extrapolate your calculation of a maximum hourly rate into an annual energy usage rate. You will also learn some useful tips on saving heating energy. The course includes one sample example for better understanding of the concept.Learning ObjectiveAt the end of this course, the reader will: 1. Describe the factors affecting comfort in winter2. Describe the overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) and its relationship to resistance (R-value) 3. Understand the basic equation of heat loss through building elements such as walls, roof and glass4. Understand the basic equation of heat loss through floor slab and basement5. Understand the basic equation of heat loss through ventilation and infiltration6. Understand the concept of degree days and how it is used to estimate the annual heat loss7. Understand the three basic modes of heat transfer, conduction, convection and radiation8. Understand the difference between the k-values, C-values, R-values and U-values 9. Learn by examples to calculate the series resistance and U-values of a composite wall 10. Learn how to determine the infiltration and ventilation air flow rate 11. Understand by an example the detailed methodology to heat loss calculations12. Understand the basic terminology and definitions related to air conditioning load calculations
This book presents the most current design procedures in heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), available in handbooks, like the ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers) Handbook-2013 Fundamentals, in a way that is easier for students to understand. Every effort is made to explain in detail the fundamental physical principles that form the basis of the various design procedures.A novel feature of the book is the inclusion of about 15 worked examples in each chapter, carefully chosen to highlight the diverse aspects of HVAC design. The solutions for the worked examples clarify the physical principles behind the design method. In addition, there are problems at the end of each chapter for which numerical answers are provided. The book includes a series of MATLAB programs that may be used to solve realistic HVAC design problems, which in general, require extensive and repetitive calculations. remove Supplementary materials are available upon request for all instructors who adopt this book as a course text. Please send your request to [email protected].
This is a new edition of the standard air conditioning installation/service text, emphasizing energy conservation. It contains new material on heating and computer programs, and new load calculation problems. The book provides thorough coverage of the fundamentals of air conditioning, explains relationships of theory to design of new systems, and discusses troubleshooting of existing systems. Air conditioning and refrigeration equipment and systems, and refrigeration absorption systems and heat pumps are all covered. Computer programs for load estimating are also described, and there are many illustrative examples of real-world situations. The text is consistent with all ASHRAE load estimating guidelines.
Follows a strict pedagogical structure and content sequence tested over fifteen years of teaching. Starts by coverings the most up-to-date calculation procedures and standards from ASHRAE and other organizations relevant to building loads, then provides a detailed treatment of primary, traditional secondary and hybrid/emerging secondary equipment and systems. Addresses contemporary issues such as emerging green building design technologies, alternative energy sources, and uncertainties in simulation. Discusses drivers for efficiency such as codes and standards, building rating systems, design guides, and the green building movement Offers a complete Solutions Manual, chapter outcomes, free HCB software download along with associated resources, and detailed and tested slides of individual chapters for classroom projection for qualified instructors adopting the text, with access through author's website
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning by J. W. Mitchell and J. E. Braun provides foundational knowledge for the behavior and analysis of HVAC systems and related devices. The emphasis of this text is on the application of engineering principles that features tight integration of physical descriptions with a software program that allows performance to be directly calculated, with results that provide insight into actual behavior. Furthermore, the text offers more examples, end-of-chapter problems, and design projects that represent situations an engineer might face in practice and are selected to illustrate the complex and integrated nature of an HVAC system or piece of equipment.