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Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, grade: 1.7, University of Kassel, language: English, abstract: The main objective of this thesis is to increase the usage of natural sources available in Egypt, therefore by increasing renewable energy usage efficiently and economically. Tons of date palm waste are being burned or buried without any use, so this thesis helps to understand the importance of the material in the region, how it can change the country's energy production by series of experimental trials and analysis thereby, promoting green energy. Along with the date palm material, how other locally available resources from animals e.g. (chicken manure) can be mixed and used as a supplement for the material availability also being acknowledged. Another objective is to analyze whether it is economically feasible to use date palm leaf stem, compared with another biofuel, i.e.(wood) and hybridize the energy production with fossil fuels. This work is about bioenergy in the region Egypt, where the biomass, date palm trees are grown and cultivated from several centuries. The waste of the date palm trees which in abundantly available i.e. leaf stem has a huge potential with its high HHV, calorific value and low moisture content as a renewable energy source additionally, chicken manure as a supplement to use the natural resources to the core and how can it be utilized to cut down the fossil fuel resources and increase use of renewable energy. The technical analysis deals with the fuel characterization for the ultimate and proximate analysis, where the former determines the C, O, N, and H content in the biomass, the latter determines the Fixed Moisture and Carbon, Ash Content and Volatile matter content in the biomass in comparison with wood. The economic analysis deals with the cost calculations for all the technical analysis process with reference to CAPEX, OPEX with respect to Egypt, the best suited methodology, enviro
This book presents the technological developments that are currently being researched or implemented in the management of palm oil industrial waste. After introducing the plantation and milling processes, the book focuses on the wastes generated solely from plantation and milling activities, as reducing waste from these two sectors will enhance the overall sustainability of the entire palm oil industry eco-system. It then evaluates the sustainability of current practices and elaborates on technological developments in the two sectors, before critically assessing options to treat wastes generated from the plantation and milling process. To properly contextualise the work, it also includes a section on socio-economical sustainability, as well as an industrial case study. A valuable resource for academics interested in the evolution of sustainable waste management strategies within this industrial context, the book also appeals to practitioners in the field who wish to improve the sustainability of their particular plantation or mill.
Palm by-products represent an economical resource for the sustainable development of rural areas in many countries of the world. The book focuses on the utilization of palm by-products in the following areas: Wood Alternatives and Panels, Sustainable Energy and Fertilizers, Bio-Composites, Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Fiber, Paper, and Textile, Food Applications, Design and Architecture.
Palm Trees and Fruits Residues: Recent Advances for Integrated and Sustainable Management places the wastes of palm trees and fruit residues in the international context of sustainable development, providing sustainable applications that are detailed based on sector to help readers from specific fields identify applications. Furthermore, successful processing case studies using valorization are presented. As the expansion of palm tree fruit crops processing industries (manufacture of syrup, honey, non-alcoholic beverages, flours, confectionery products, fruit paste, etc.) is generating growing quantities of wastes in different forms, this book covers sustainable aspects. Written by an international team of contributors, this title is aimed at professionals and enterprises who aspire to develop real, high-scale industrial applications for palm tree and fruit residue valorization. Includes palm tree wastes and fruit processing by-products, their quantification and classification Brings identification, quantification and characterization of palm-tree and fruit wastes Thoroughly explores biotechnological, agricultural, environmental and energy applications of fruit processing by-products Contains case studies of a palm tree fruit processing by-products valorization
Oil palm cultivation is a significant contributor to the global agricultural industry, providing valuable resources for various products. While it has faced challenges, including concerns about deforestation and environmental degradation, it is crucial to understand the geographical distribution of oil palms to ensure responsible and sustainable management. This book introduces the application of geospatial technology to the palm oil industry, demonstrating how these tools can address key issues while promoting responsible practices. The topics discussed in the book aim to tackle challenges such as illegal deforestation and the monitoring of environmental impacts associated with oil palm cultivation. Key Features: The first book to explore the use of remote sensing and geospatial technologies for mapping and monitoring oil palm plantations Introduces cutting-edge techniques from the fourth industrial revolution, including the use of the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence, big data and analytics, block chain and 5G technology for effective oil palm tree monitoring Addresses current environmental concerns affecting the industry, including issues like floods, changes in precipitation, temperature, humidity, and El Niño events Explores the scientific aspects of promoting sustainability in oil palm developments and the responsible conversion of rainforests into oil palm plantations Provides a wealth of application data for early detection and continuous monitoring of environmental challenges. This book serves as an insightful resource for those interested in geospatial technologies and their positive impact on monitoring and mitigating environmental changes in the context of the palm oil industry.
Tropical peatlands are among the largest pedologic pools of organic carbon. This study compared soil CO2 fluxes in an intact peat swamp forest, a transitional logged drained forest and an oil palm plantation located on the same alluvial peat plain (peat dome) in Jambi, Sumatra, Indonesia. Dynamic closed chambers were used to measure soil CO2 efflux from January to September 2012. Chambers were placed in pairs, with one close to a tree/palm and the other at mid-distance to the next tree/palm. In the oil palm plantation additional chambers were placed in frond decomposing lines and tertiary drainage canals. During the experiment, air and soil temperatures, water table level and rainfall were recorded. The fluxes were significantly larger in the oil palm plantation (28.4 ± 1.2 Mg C-CO2 ha–1 y–1) than in the transitional logged drained forest (18.5 ± 0.7 Mg C-CO2 ha–1 y–1) and in the intact peat swamp forest (16.0 ± 1.2 Mg C-CO2 ha–1 y–1). The CO2 fluxes were spatially variable according to distance to tree/ palm or when emitted from tertiary drainage canals but no clear trend was detected. A significant but weak relationship was found between CO2 fluxes and water table level in the peat swamp forest. Soil CO2 emissions in oil palm plantations were higher than those reported from Borneo by other authors. The soil CO2 flux should be separated into its auto- and heterotrophic components and balanced with C inputs and other C outputs in further studies to determine soil net atmospheric impacts on the climate system of this land-use change.
Plant biomass represents a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the most important greenhouse gases and which is assumed to contribute more than half of the global warming. Establishing tree plantations or perennial crops on degraded land is an effective way to reduce atmospheric carbon by building up terrestrial carbon stocks, not only in the living biomass, but also in the soil. By converting Imperata cylindrica grassland into tree plantations (Acacia mangium or oil palm), aboveground biomass carbon can be increased about 20-fold and below ground biomass carbon up to 8-fold, while soil carbon can almost be doubled.