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This workbook explains in simple, step-by-step terms how to introduce and sustain lean flows of material and information in pacemaker cells and lines, a prerequisite for achieving a lean value stream.A sight we frequently encounter when touring plants is the relocation of processing steps from departments (process villages) to product-family work cells, but too often these "cells" produce only intermittent and erratic flow. Output gyrates from hour to hour and small piles of inventory accumulate between each operation so that few of the benefits of cellularization are actually being realized; and, if the cell is located upstream from the pacemaker process, none of the benefits may ever reach the customer.This sequel to Learning to See (which focused on plant level operations) provides simple step-by-step instructions for eliminating waste and creating continuous flow at the process level. This isn't a workbook you will read once then relegate to the bookshelf. It's an action guide for managers, engineers, and production associates that you will use to improve flow each and every day.Creating Continuous Flow takes you to the next level in work cell design where you'll achieve even greater cost and lead time savings. You'll learn: where to focus your continuous flow efforts, how to create much more efficient work cells and lines, how to operate a pacemaker process so that a lean value stream is possible, how to sustain the gains, and keep improving.Creating Continuous Flow is the next logical step after Learning to See. The value-stream mapping process defined the pacemaker process and the overall flow of products and information in the plant. The next step is to shift your focus from the plant to the process level by zeroing in on the pacemaker process, which sets the production rhythm for the plant or value stream, and apply the principles of continuous flow.Every production facility has at least one pacemaker process. The pacemaker processes is usually where products take their final form before going to external customers. It’s called the pacemaker because how you operate here determines both how well you can serve the customer and what the demand pattern is like for your upstream supplying processes.How the pacemaker process operates is critically important. A steady and consistently flowing pacemaker places steady and consistent demands on the rest of the value stream. The continuous flow processing that results allows companies to create leaner value streams.[Source : 4e de couv.]
Self-Balancing is not just a tweak or change to assembly line balancing, but a completely transformed method for achieving continuous flow. Among the reasons you should try Self-Balancing is that you can expect a productivity improvement of at least 30 percent—with improvements of 50-60 percent quite common. Using a well-tested method for successful improvements initiated by the author, The Basics of Self-Balancing Processes: True Lean Continuous Flow is the first book to explain how to achieve continuous flow in both simple and complex manufacturing environments. It describes how to recognize and resolve weak links to ensure continuous flow in your manufacturing operations. The book offers rules, tools, and guidelines to help you not only solve problems at the root, but even eliminate them before they start. It reviews the shortcomings of traditional assembly line balancing and walks readers through the new paradigm of Self-Balancing. The text includes a comprehensive overview that demonstrates the power, flexibility, and breakthroughs possible with this method. Offering solutions to the shortcomings associated with standard line balancing—including inventory buffers, variation, and operator pace—it provides you with the tools and understanding required to deal with batch and off-line processes, debug your line, arrange your parts and tools, and design your own Self-Balanced cells. Watch Gordon Ghirann discuss how his book can increase the productivity of your business. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yte0622XbcI&feature=youtu.be
This work presents the fundamental principles of continuous flow manufacturing, furnishing a corporate strategy and set of operating rules that help create an environment where continuous flow manufacturing can flourish. A 10-step methodology for converting a traditional factory to a continuous flow operation is provided, and conventional manufacturing techniques are compared with the continuous flow approach.
In the literature of continuous flow analysis, there are hundreds of descriptions of problems encountered with the various AutoAnalyzer modules. This volume presents the way these have been used in conjunction with chromatographic separations and manufacturing plant process monitoring systems.
This book presents a short introduction to the historical background to the field, the state of the art and a brief survey of the available instrumentation and the processing techniques used. The following major areas of interest in synthetic, organic and medicinal chemistry are elaborated on: transition-metal catalyzed reactions, organocatalytic transformations, heterocyclic synthesis, and photochemical reactions. Finally, selected applications in industry are also discussed. With its ample presentation of examples from recent literature, this is an essential and reliable source of information for both experienced researchers and postgraduate newcomers to the field.
At present, a highly efficient tool for organic synthesis is the combination of organocatalytic and multicomponent processes. In the organocatalysis reaction it is possible to generate a reactive intermediate with high enantioselectivity and later, in the multicomponent stage, the complexity and structural diversity of the process increases. This strategy allows the synthesis of various analogues of optically active natural compounds and biologically relevant molecules of pharmacological interest, which are essential for human life. The current study, which is divided into three chapters, describes a methodology for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cliclopentene derivatives from an organocatalytic reaction, followed by a multicomponent Ugi-type reaction under continuous flow regime. The use of green solvents in each reaction step, as well as the adoption of flow chemistry, led to obtaining products with high yield and enantiomerically-enriched in a fast and efficient manner, allowing the development of more sustainable strategies in synthetic chemistry.
This book describes the development of two kinds of continuous-flow transformation using heterogeneous catalysts, and explains how they can be applied in the multistep synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. It demonstrates and proves that fine chemicals can be synthesized under continuous-flow conditions using heterogeneous catalysis alone. Importantly, the book also proposes a general concept and strategy for achieving multistep flow synthesis and developing heterogeneous catalysts, and shows that commercially available anion exchange resin can be used as a water-tolerant strong base catalyst for various types of continuous-flow aldol-type reaction. Reviewing the state of the art in heterogeneous catalysis in flow chemistry – a “hot topic” and rapidly developing area of organic synthesis – the book will provide readers with a deeper understanding of fine chemical flow synthesis and its future prospects.
Characteristics of continuous-flow induction plasma accelerators with a 10-kilocycle, single-phase driving coil on supersonic nozzles were studied. Pressure measurements and vane-deflection measurements were made in a 15-centimeter-diameter accelerator at various mass flow rates. Charged-particle velocities were obtained in 15-centimeter-diameter and 10-centimeter-diameter accelerators by measuring with photoelectric detectors the time required for a change in flow luminosity to travel a known distance. Pressure-probe measurements indicated that the entire flow, including the boundary layer and the separated-flow region, was accelerated in the 15-centimeter-diameter accelerator. The largest increase in pilot pressure was 250 percent of the cold-flow value with 20 kilowatts of 10-kilocycle driving power. The charged-particle velocities increased as the mass flow rate was reduced and as the power was increased. The maximum charged-particle velocity obtained was 40,000 meters per second in the 10-centimeter-diameter accelerator. Average velocity and thrust obtained from vane-deflection measurements were in good agreement with those obtained from pressure-probe measurements.