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Recent advances in the fields of knowledge representation, reasoning and human-computer interaction have paved the way for a novel approach to treating and handling context. The field of research presented in this book addresses the problem of contextual computing in artificial intelligence based on the state of the art in knowledge representation and human-computer interaction. The author puts forward a knowledge-based approach for employing high-level context in order to solve some persistent and challenging problems in the chosen showcase domain of natural language understanding. Specifically, the problems addressed concern the handling of noise due to speech recognition errors, semantic ambiguities, and the notorious problem of underspecification. Consequently the book examines the individual contributions of contextual composing for different types of context. Therefore, contextual information stemming from the domain at hand, prior discourse, and the specific user and real world situation are considered and integrated in a formal model that is applied and evaluated employing different multimodal mobile dialog systems. This book is intended to meet the needs of readers from at least three fields – AI and computer science; computational linguistics; and natural language processing – as well as some computationally oriented linguists, making it a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, lecturers, language processing practitioners and professionals as well as postgraduates and some undergraduates in the aforementioned fields. “The book addresses a problem of great and increasing technical and practical importance – the role of context in natural language processing (NLP). It considers the role of context in three important tasks: Automatic Speech Recognition, Semantic Interpretation, and Pragmatic Interpretation. Overall, the book represents a novel and insightful investigation into the potential of contextual information processing in NLP.” Jerome A Feldman, Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, UC Berkeley, USA http://dm.tzi.de/research/contextual-computing/
This volume explores how context has been and can be used in computing to model human behaviors, actions and communications as well as to manage data and knowledge. It addresses context management and exploitation of context for sharing experience across domains. The book serves as a user-centric guide for readers wishing to develop context-based applications, as well as an intellectual reference on the concept of context. It provides a broad yet deep treatment of context in computing and related areas that depend heavily on computing. The coverage is broad because of its cross-disciplinary nature but treats topics at a sufficient depth to permit a reader to implement context in his/her computational endeavors. The volume addresses how context can be integrated in software and systems and how it can be used in a computing environment. Furthermore, the use of context to represent the human dimension, individually as well as collectively is explained. Contributions also include descriptions of how context has been represented in formal as well as non-formal, structured approaches. The last section describes several human behavior representation paradigms based on the concept of context as its central representational element. The depth and breadth of this content is certain to provide useful as well as intellectually enriching information to readers of diverse backgrounds who have an interest in or are intrigued by using context to assist in their representation of the real world.
The TCPA 1.0 specification finally makes it possible to build low-cost computing platforms on a rock-solid foundation of trust. In Trusted Computing Platforms, leaders of the TCPA initiative place it in context, offering essential guidance for every systems developer and decision-maker. They explain what trusted computing platforms are, how they work, what applications they enable, and how TCPA can be used to protect data, software environments, and user privacy alike.
Modern devices, from phones and cars to houses and the appliances within them, are being designed with formidable computational power and expanded functionality. To be truly effective, these smart devices must effectively process data from their environment and experiences and make decisions based on that information. Recent Advances in Ambient Intelligence and Context-Aware Computing investigates the functionality of ubiquitous computational systems and how they may adapt to their environment to improve the quality of interaction for the end-user. This reference book will be of value to under- and post-graduate students, professionals, and researchers in networking, computer science, communications, and other information technology disciplines.
Mobile Sensors and Context-Aware Computing is a useful guide that explains how hardware, software, sensors, and operating systems converge to create a new generation of context-aware mobile applications. This cohesive guide to the mobile computing landscape demonstrates innovative mobile and sensor solutions for platforms that deliver enhanced, personalized user experiences, with examples including the fast-growing domains of mobile health and vehicular networking. Users will learn how the convergence of mobile and sensors facilitates cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things, and how applications which directly interact with the physical world are becoming more and more compatible. The authors cover both the platform components and key issues of security, privacy, power management, and wireless interaction with other systems. Shows how sensor validation, calibration, and integration impact application design and power management Explains specific implementations for pervasive and context-aware computing, such as navigation and timing Demonstrates how mobile applications can satisfy usability concerns, such as know me, free me, link me, and express me Covers a broad range of application areas, including ad-hoc networking, gaming, and photography
Bringing together an extensively researched area with an emerging research issue, Context-Aware Computing and Self-Managing Systems presents the core contributions of context-aware computing in the development of self-managing systems, including devices, applications, middleware, and networks. The expert contributors reveal the usefulness of contex
This book introduces context-aware computing, providing definitions, categories, characteristics, and context awareness itself and discussing its applications with a particular focus on smart learning environments. It also examines the elements of a context-aware system, including acquisition, modelling, reasoning, and distribution of context. It also reviews applications of context-aware computing – both past and present – to offer readers the knowledge needed to critically analyse how context awareness can be put to use. It is particularly to those new to the subject area who are interested in learning how to develop context-aware computing-oriented applications, as well as postgraduates and researchers in computer engineering, communications engineering related areas of information technology (IT). Further it provides practical know-how for professionals working in IT support and technology, consultants and business decision-makers and those working in the medical, human, and social sciences.
This book explores the broad territory of design anthropology, covering key approaches, ways of working and areas of debate and tension. It understands design as fundamentally human centred and argues for a design anthropology based primarily on collaboration and communication. Adam Drazin suggests the most important collaborative knowledges which design anthropology develops are heuristic, emerging as engagements between fieldwork sites and design studios. The chapters draw on material culture literature and include a wide range of examples of different projects and outputs. Highlighting the importance of design as a topic in the study of contemporary culture, this is valuable reading for students and scholars of anthropology and design as well as practitioners.
This is the only book that describes a complete approach to customer-centered design, from customer data to system design. Readers will be able to develop the work models that represent all aspects of customer work practices.
This book contains the proceedings of the Eleventh International Network Conference (INC 2016), which was held in Frankfurt, Germany, in July 2016. A total of 30 papers were accepted for inclusion in the conference. The main topics of the book include: Network Technologies; Mobile and Wireless Networking; Security and Privacy; Applications and Impacts. The papers address state-of-the-art research and applications of network technology, arising from both the academic and industrial domains. These proceedings should consequently be of interest to network practitioners, researchers, academics, and technical managers involved in the design, development and use of network systems.