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Context Counts assembles, for the first time, the work of pre-eminent linguist Robin Tolmach Lakoff. A career that spans some forty years, Lakoff remains one of the most influential linguists of the 20th-century. The early papers show the genesis of Lakoff's inquiry into the relationship of language and social power, ideas later codified in the groundbreaking Language and Woman's Place and Talking Power. The late papers reflect her continued exposition of power dynamics beyond gender that are established and represented in language. This volume offers a retrospective analysis of Lakoff's work, with each paper preceded by an introduction from a prominent linguist in the field, including both contemporaries and students of Lakoff's work, and further, Lakoff's own conversation with these responses. This engaging and, at times, moving reevaluation pays homage to Lakoff's far-reaching influence upon linguistics, while also serving as an unusual form of autobiography revealing the decades' long evolution of a scholarly career.
The use of numerals in counting differs quite dramatically across languages. Some languages grammaticalise a contrast between count nouns (three cats, three books) vs 'non-count' or mass nouns (milk, mud), marking this distinction in different ways. Others use a system of numeral classifiers, while yet others use a combination of both. This book draws attention to the contrast between counting and measuring, and shows that it is central to our understanding of how we use numerical expressions, classifiers and count nouns in different languages. It reviews some of the more recent major linguistic results in the semantics of numericals, counting and measuring, and theories of the mass/count distinction, and presents the author's new research on the topic. The book draws heavily on crosslinguistic research, and presents in-depth case studies of the mass/count distinction and counting and measuring in a number of typologically unrelated languages. It also includes chapters on classifiers, constructions and adjectival uses of measure phrases.
New approach demonstrating how social science can be successful, focusing on context, values, and power.
A comprehensive reference for the many different types and methods of compression, including a detailed and helpful taxonomy, an analysis of the most common methods, and discussions on their use and comparative benefits. The presentation is organized into the main branches of the field: run length encoding, statistical methods, dictionary-based methods, image compression, audio compression, and video compression. Detailed descriptions and explanations of the most well- known and frequently used methods are covered in a self-contained fashion, with an accessible style and technical level for specialists and nonspecialists. In short, the book provides an invaluable reference and guide for all computer scientists, computer engineers, electrical engineers, signal/image processing engineers and other scientists needing a comprehensive compilation for a broad range of compression methods.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Text, Speech and Dialogue, TSD 2011, held in Pilsen, Czech Republic, in September 2011. The 53 papers presented together with 2 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 110 submissions. The main topic of this year's conference was "integrating modern Web with speech and language technologies". This year the Third International Workshop on Balto-Slavonic Natural Language was affiliated to TSD. The present book contains 8 contributions from this workshop.
And the downloadable software gives you the opportunity to see firsthand how various algorithms work, to choose and implement appropriate techniques in your own applications, and to build your own algorithms."--BOOK JACKET.
Why do our best-laid plans often over-reach and under-achieve? Why do our attempts to solve problems in some rational way often run afoul of politics and power? Why do we so often accomplish so little, even as we sense that so much more is possible? By looking closely at the work of city planners, Planning in the Face of Power addresses these questions and provides a new way of thinking about the practical and inevitably political work of improving our neighborhoods, schools, community organizations, and the public institutions that shape our lives. Power and inequality are realities that planners of all kinds must face in the practical world. In Planning in the Face of Power, John Forester argues that effective, public-serving planners can overcome the traditional—but paralyzing—dichotomies of being either professional or political, detached and distantly rational or engaged and change-oriented. Because inequalities of power directly structure planning practice, planners who are blind to relations of power will inevitably fail. Forester shows how, in the face of the conflict-ridden demands of practice, planners can think politically and rationally at the same time, avoid common sources of failure, and work to advance both a vision of the broader public good and the interests of the least powerful members of society. This book provides a systematic reformulation of the politics of professional practice in the arena of city planning, public policy making, and public administration and management. It has immediate implications for the study of administration and management and for students of administration and planning in schools of social work, education, and public health. While focusing concretely on problems of planning practice (e.g. planners' sources of influence, their difficulties of listening critically, their understandings of the politics of organizations), Planning in the Face of Power brings to bear a wide range of theoretical insights and so integrates social and political theory with the demands of actual practice. Accordingly, the book will be important to practitioners who seek to understand the pressures they face at work as well as social theorists who wish to integrate theory and practice more powerfully, but will also appeal to the general reader interested in gaining an understanding of the practice of planning in the face of the realities of social equality and power.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Tbilisi Symposium on Logic, Language and Computation, TbiLLC 2015, held in Tbilisi, Georgia, in September 2015. The 18 papers in this book were selected from the invited submissions of full, revised versions of the 37 short papers presented at the conference, and one invited talk. Each paper has passed through a rigorous peer-review process before being accepted for publication. The biennial conference series and the proceedings are representative of the aims of the organizing institutes: to promote the integrated study of logic, information and language. The scientific program consisted of tutorials, invited lectures, contributed talks, and two workshops.
Bringing together an international group of researchers, this innovative volume presents the state-of-the-art in research into countability.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on Visual Content Processing and Representation, VLBV 2003, held in Madrid, Spain in September 2003. The 38 revised full papers presented together with 4 panel summaries were carefully reviewed and selected from 89 submissions. The papers address all current issues in video and image analysis, representation and coding, communications and delivery, consumption, synthesis, protection, adaptation, classification, and personalization.