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En un entorno donde las exigencias del cliente son cada vez mayores, donde los cambios en los negocios son cada vez más rápidos, las empresas tienden a tener una mayor dependencia de las Tecnologías de la Información (TI). Los departamentos de TI de las empresas, y las actividades en ellos desarrolladas, han sido tradicionalmente vistos como procesos de soporte al negocio, descuidando muchas veces el uso de criterios racionales para medir su rentabilidad, eficacia y la calidad del servicio ofrecidos. Durante años, muchos departamentos de TI han intentado hacer frente al crecimiento de la carga de gestión introduciendo más empleados y tecnología, cuando lo más indicado es acometer una profunda transformación de sus procesos, que generalmente conservan una naturaleza estrictamente reactiva. Esta mejora contínua requiere, por parte de los responsables de la toma de decisiones, tener un conocimiento cercano y preciso de lo que sucede en la organización por lo que es necesario dotar a estas personas de información estructurada acerca del funcionamiento de los procesos. Información cuantitativa y cualitativa que debe extraerse automáticamente de los sistemas corporativos. Se trata generar orden, lenguaje y procesos comunes, optimizar beneficios y garantizar la integración de los servicios en la cadena de valor de las unidades de negocio. Para lograrlo, no basta con desarrollar un modelo de gestión basado en procesos de negocio, también conocido cómo modelo BPM (del inglés, Business Process Management) sinó que es fundamental contar con personas que tengan el conocimiento necesario e implementar Sistemas de gestión de la Información. Para ello, en este proyecto trataremos de definir e implantar un modelo de gestión basado en el Proceso de Desarrollo de Software de un departamento de TI. Para ello, definiremos los procedimientos a implantar, la estructura organizativa, los protocolos de comunicación, etc... Una vez definido el modelo de gestión, pasaremos a definir un sistema de indicadores que estructure la información generada por los sistemas corporativos y herramientas de apoyo en un panel de mando que facilite a los responsables la toma de decisiones a través de planes de acción predefinidos en función de las situaciones. Finalmente, realizaremos una prueba piloto mediante un panel de mando de la gestión de un Proceso de Desarrollo de Software implementado en una aplicación informática.
Benchmarking has become a key tool in the water industry to promote and achieve performance targets for utilities. The use of this tool for performance improvement through systematic search and adaptation of leading practices, has expanded globally during the past decade. Many ongoing projects worldwide aim to address different needs and objectives, in varying contexts, with outstanding results and impact. Benchmarking Water Services provides valuable information to everyone interested in benchmarking in the water industry. The text is aimed at utilities considering joining a benchmarking project, experienced practitioners in charge of organizing a benchmarking exercise, consultants, regulators and researchers. The document is presented with a clear practice oriented approach and can be used as a how-to-benchmark guide presented from different perspectives (participants, organizers, supervising bodies). Readers will gain practical insight on real life benchmarking practices and will benefit from the experiences gained in some of the leading benchmarking projects of the water industry (including the IWA-WSAA benchmarking efforts, the European Benchmarking Co-operation and the several benchmarking projects carried out in Austria and Central Europe). The manual also presents the new IWA Benchmarking Framework, which aims to harmonize the terms used to describe benchmarking and performance indicators practices in the water industry, guaranteeing a more fluent and efficient communication. This Manual of Best Practice is edited by the IWA Specialist Group on Benchmarking and Performance Assessment, and co-published by AWWA and IWA Publishing. Praise for Benchmarking Water Services: "The continual trend of conceptual to specifics throughout the book provides for an educational experience each time the book is either casually perused or carefully studied." "The authors (Cabrera, Haskins and Fritiz) diligently pursue the focus of improvement." "Benchmarking Water Services is an in depth and practical ‘must have’ guide for any utility currently engaged in or planning to develop a benchmarking process" - Gregory M. Baird (2012) Benchmarking: An International Journal 19:2. More information about the book can be found on the Water Wiki in an article written by the author: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/TheNewIWABenchmarkingFramework A Spanish language version of this book is available as a free eBook: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/eBookTitlesfromIWAPublishingFreetoDownload-Volume2#HBenchmarkingParaServiciosdeAgua
The North American Mosaic has four overarching features. First, it is, to the extent feasible, based on comparable information on the status and trends of major indicators of the state of the environment in Canada,Mexico, and the United States. Second, the report confirms that these three countries together make up an incredibly complex, dynamic, and interconnected ecosystem in which humans play a dominant and decisive role. Third, the report raises important and sometimes disquieting questions concerning the sustainability of some current trends. Finally, the report is a reminder that our economic, social, and physical well-being are utterly dependent on the life-sustaining services provided by nature. This report emphasizes the importance of developing mutually compatible economic, social, and environmental goals and policies across the three-country region.
This is a practical handbook providing a step-by-step approach to the techniques used for characterizing wastewater sources and investigating sites where collection, treatment and reuse/disposal technologies will be installed. It is intended to help enable local implementation of on-site and decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS)for wide scale use in development settings. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries helps local service providers and regulatory officials make informed decisions through the use of tools, checklists and case studies. It includes a link to a web based community of on-site and decentralized wastewater professionals, which contains related tools and case studies. This handbook serves as a reference for training classes, certification programs, and higher education programs in civil and sanitary engineering. There is an increasing interest on the part of local government officials and private sector service providers to implement wastewater treatment systems to solve sanitation problems. The model presented in this handbook promotes activities that first generate data related to source and site conditions that represent critical inputs, and then applies this information to the technology selection process. Matching the most appropriate technologies to the specific needs of the wastewater project is the key that leads to long term sustainability. How to Design Wastewater Systems for Local Conditions in Developing Countries is an invaluable resource for public sector decision makers and private sector service providers in developing countries. It is also a useful text for students at engineering colleges in developing countries interested in taking a class that teaches the methods of decentralized wastewater management system (DWMS) development.
Vacant urban land--the product of land market activity, the actions of private agents, and the policies of public agents--is an important challenge for policy makers. Vacant lots on the urban fringe and in central and interstitial areas have affected growth patterns in Latin America. Contributors to this book analyze the problems and opportunities related to vacant urban land in five cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Quito, Ecuador; Lima, Perú; and San Salvador, El Salvador.