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An essential introduction to the historical background, central concepts, and strategies of utilitarian, preservationist, and stewardship approaches to conservation, using a broad geographical and cultural scope. It explores the conservation of wild organisms and their ecosystems in ecological, historical, and cultural contexts.
This comprehensive book promotes understanding of the past challenges to and current opportunities in the conservation of the natural world.
Essential reading for undergraduate students of conservation biology and living natural resource management.
Winner of the Sierra Club's 2021 Rachel Carson Award One of Chicago Tribune's Ten Best Books of 2021 Named a Top Ten Best Science Book of 2021 by Booklist and Smithsonian Magazine "At once thoughtful and thought-provoking,” Beloved Beasts tells the story of the modern conservation movement through the lives and ideas of the people who built it, making “a crucial addition to the literature of our troubled time" (Elizabeth Kolbert, author of The Sixth Extinction). In the late nineteenth century, humans came at long last to a devastating realization: their rapidly industrializing and globalizing societies were driving scores of animal species to extinction. In Beloved Beasts, acclaimed science journalist Michelle Nijhuis traces the history of the movement to protect and conserve other forms of life. From early battles to save charismatic species such as the American bison and bald eagle to today’s global effort to defend life on a larger scale, Nijhuis’s “spirited and engaging” account documents “the changes of heart that changed history” (Dan Cryer, Boston Globe). With “urgency, passion, and wit” (Michael Berry, Christian Science Monitor), she describes the vital role of scientists and activists such as Aldo Leopold and Rachel Carson, reveals the origins of vital organizations like the Audubon Society and the World Wildlife Fund, explores current efforts to protect species such as the whooping crane and the black rhinoceros, and confronts the darker side of modern conservation, long shadowed by racism and colonialism. As the destruction of other species continues and the effects of climate change wreak havoc on our world, Beloved Beasts charts the ways conservation is becoming a movement for the protection of all species including our own.
In North America, concepts of Historical Range of Variability are being employed in land-management planning for properties of private organizations and multiple government agencies. The National Park Service, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, and The Nature Conservancy all include elements of historical ecology in their planning processes. Similar approaches are part of land management and conservation in Europe and Australia. Each of these user groups must struggle with the added complication of rapid climate change, rapid land-use change, and technical issues in order to employ historical ecology effectively. Historical Environmental Variation in Conservation and Natural Resource Management explores the utility of historical ecology in a management and conservation context and the development of concepts related to understanding future ranges of variability. It provides guidance and insights to all those entrusted with managing and conserving natural resources: land-use planners, ecologists, fire scientists, natural resource policy makers, conservation biologists, refuge and preserve managers, and field practitioners. The book will be particularly timely as science-based management is once again emphasized in United States federal land management and as an understanding of the potential effects of climate change becomes more widespread among resource managers. Additional resources for this book can be found at: www.wiley.com/go/wiens/historicalenvironmentalvariation.
Charles Perrings and Ann Kinzig address the broad problem of conservation, the principles that inform conservation choices, and the application of those principles to the management of the natural world. Conservation examines how conservation choices are made and demonstrates how decisions of one person or one community at one time or place affect people or communities at other times or places.
This textbook introduces the reader to the new and emerging field of Conservation Psychology, which explores connections between the study of human behavior and the achievement of conservation goals. People are often cast as villains in the story of environmental degradation, seen primarily as a threat to healthy ecosystems and an obstacle to conservation. But humans are inseparable from natural ecosystems. Understanding how people think about, experience, and interact with nature is crucial for promoting environmental sustainability as well as human well-being. The book first summarizes theory and research on human cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to nature and goes on to review research on people's experience of nature in wild, managed, and urban settings. Finally, it examines ways to encourage conservation-oriented behavior at both individual and societal levels. Throughout, the authors integrate a wide body of published literature to demonstrate how and why psychology is relevant to promoting a more sustainable relationship between humans and nature.
Conservation physiology is a rapidly expanding, multidisciplinary field that utilizes physiological knowledge and tools to understand and solve conservation challenges. This novel text provides the first consolidated overview of its scope, purpose, and applications, with a focus on wildlife. It outlines the major avenues and advances by which conservation physiology is contributing to the monitoring, management, and restoration of wild animal populations. This book also defines opportunities for further growth in the field and identifies critical areas for future investigation. By using a series of global case studies, contributors illustrate how approaches from the conservation physiology toolbox can tackle a diverse range of conservation issues including the monitoring of environmental stress, predicting the impact of climate change, understanding disease dynamics, improving captive breeding, and reducing human-wildlife conflict. Moreover, by acting as practical road maps across a diversity of sub-disciplines, these case studies serve to increase the accessibility of this discipline to new researchers. The diversity of taxa, biological scales, and ecosystems highlighted illustrate the far-reaching nature of the discipline and allow readers to gain an appreciation for the purpose, value, applicability, and status of the field of conservation physiology. Conservation Physiology is an accessible supplementary textbook suitable for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of conservation science, eco-physiology, evolutionary and comparative physiology, natural resources management, ecosystem health, veterinary medicine, animal physiology, and ecology.
The earth's biodiversity has been severely adversely affected by global change driven by human population growth; the major threats include habitat loss and fragmentation, altered disturbance regimes and climate change. Unfortunately these anthropogenic impacts are not diminishing and in order to minimize future adverse effects on biodiversity it is important to understand their relative and cumulative effects. In addition because they impact entire ecosystems comprised of species with differing population responses to threats and management, multi-species conservation planning methods are needed that explicitly consider trade-offs among species. In Chapter I, I evaluate patterns of plant endangerment in three regions of California with respect to land use and human population density using data from the State Natural Heritage Program. I found no evidence to suggest that at-risk plant species fared better in areas with lower human population density and concluded that populations within disturbed landscapes can contribute to overall biodiversity conservation. I developed habitat suitability models (Appendix A) and population demographic models (Appendix B-E) for four species of the coastal maritime chaparral in coastal southern California: Ceanothus verrucosus (wart-stemmed Ceanothus), Chorizanthe orcuttiana (Orcutt's spineflower), Neotoma macrotis (big-eared woodrat) and Quercus dumosa (Nuttal's scrub oak). In Chapter II, I conducted a multi-threat analysis for Ceanothus verrucosus, asking the question, does climate change pose a more serious threat than the more proximal threats of altered fire regime, and habitat loss and fragmentation. I found climate change to be the most serious threat but that interactions among threats increases the risk of extinction for this species. In Chapter III, I presented an approach to multi-species conservation planning that explicitly takes into account species trade-offs in response to threats and management. The resulting methods rely on a combination of single patch and metapopulation models, habitat suitability models, and quantitative conservation objective functions to explicitly address species trade-offs under multiple threats from global change.