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Ce travail de recherche est centré sur une proposition d' un ensemble de modèles et d' un méta-modèle pour la spécification et le développement d' un outil logiciel. Cet outil est dédié à l' aide , à l' analyse et à la définition du besoin des décideurs en intelligence économique et à la définition et au prototypage de produits d' intelligence économique (I.E.).
Cette thèse traite de la conception de systèmes d'intelligence économique (S.I.E.). Un S.I.E. est ici considéré comme un type particulier de système d'information (S.I.), et appréhendé comme un media essentiel à la vue cognitive de l'entreprise sur son environnement. Ce travail se situe donc dans le domaine général de l'ingénierie des si pour l'aide à la décision. Le point de vue développé est celui du génie des systèmes industriels. Le besoin des "clients" du système est pris comme point de départ de sa conception. Ce besoin est exprimé à deux niveaux : l'entreprise dans sa globalité (niveau du système), l'individu décideur (niveau du produit d'i.e.). La partie I explore les domaines de l'intelligence économique (i.e.) et du management, afin d'en extraire les ontologies développées sur l'environnement, l'entreprise, le système d'intelligence économique, les besoins, etc. Un état de l'art critique du domaine de l'i.e. démontre la nécessite de méthodes de conception de S.I.E. et l'absence de telles méthodes. La partie II recherche des apports théoriques dans les domaines structures participant à la conception de S.I. : décision, management de connaissances, système d'information, méthodes et démarches, et notamment d'ingénierie du besoin. La partie III propose une méthode de conception de système d'intelligence économique, à deux niveaux : au niveau global du système d'i.e., et au niveau de la réalisation d'un produit d'i.e. particulier. Les modélisations sont construites à partir des ontologies relevées dans les parties I et II, constituant trois univers (l'environnement, l'entreprise, le décideur) ainsi que le processus d'i.e. lui-même. La modélisation de l'architecture globale du S.I.E. est basée sur une adaptation du modèle music. Une première modélisation du produit d'i.e. est présentée. Afin de permettre une large utilisation de la méthode, des éléments pour la conception d'aides à la démarche sont présentés, notamment concernant l'analyse du besoin.
The capacity to innovate is a fundamental resource for organizations as well as the true wealth of a society. To contribute fully to the prosperity of an organization, region or country, the innovation process - which is not only technology-based - requires the implementation of knowledge dynamics between domains that are often treated in isolation. This dynamic is based on a synergy between humans and intelligent machines. For several years, innovation has been omnipresent and part of strategic matters. The word "innovation" is in the headlines of reports, articles and business media, and is also the subject of events, projects, think tanks, clubs and blogs. Several forums on social networks are devoted to its various facets. It is a global phenomenon. This book introduces the concept of "e-co-innovation" which brings a better understanding of the successful transition from idea to reality and ultimate value. The motivation behind this book is to introduce a global and system overview of the subject, to present the various aspects of innovation from different angles and perspectives to finally bring the reader to an understanding of all ecosystem components, their metamorphoses, cross-influences and possible impacts on the balanced development of people, businesses, regions and countries.
This book examines how the computer, as we currently know it, will be replaced by a new generation of technologies, moving computing off the desktop and ultimately integrating it with real world objects and everyday environments. It provides a unique combination of concepts, methods and prototypes of ubiquitous and pervasive computing reflecting the current interest in smart environments and ambient intelligence.
Innovate Bristol highlights and celebrates those companies and individuals that are actively working at building a better tomorrow for all. Innovation Ecosystems thrive through the involvement and support of companies and individuals from all industries, which is why the Innovate series not only focuses on the innovators but also those people whom the Innovation Ecosystem, would not be able to thrive without.
Neural networks represent a powerful data processing technique that has reached maturity and broad application. When clearly understood and appropriately used, they are a mandatory component in the toolbox of any engineer who wants make the best use of the available data, in order to build models, make predictions, mine data, recognize shapes or signals, etc. Ranging from theoretical foundations to real-life applications, this book is intended to provide engineers and researchers with clear methodologies for taking advantage of neural networks in industrial, financial or banking applications, many instances of which are presented in the book. For the benefit of readers wishing to gain deeper knowledge of the topics, the book features appendices that provide theoretical details for greater insight, and algorithmic details for efficient programming and implementation. The chapters have been written by experts and edited to present a coherent and comprehensive, yet not redundant, practically oriented introduction.
The Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research is the critical reference source for the growing field of engineering education research, featuring the work of world luminaries writing to define and inform this emerging field. The Handbook draws extensively on contemporary research in the learning sciences, examining how technology affects learners and learning environments, and the role of social context in learning. Since a landmark issue of the Journal of Engineering Education (2005), in which senior scholars argued for a stronger theoretical and empirically driven agenda, engineering education has quickly emerged as a research-driven field increasing in both theoretical and empirical work drawing on many social science disciplines, disciplinary engineering knowledge, and computing. The Handbook is based on the research agenda from a series of interdisciplinary colloquia funded by the US National Science Foundation and published in the Journal of Engineering Education in October 2006.
Repackaged with a new afterword, this "valuable and entertaining" (New York Times Book Review) book explores how scientists are adapting nature's best ideas to solve tough 21st century problems. Biomimicry is rapidly transforming life on earth. Biomimics study nature's most successful ideas over the past 3.5 million years, and adapt them for human use. The results are revolutionizing how materials are invented and how we compute, heal ourselves, repair the environment, and feed the world. Janine Benyus takes readers into the lab and in the field with maverick thinkers as they: discover miracle drugs by watching what chimps eat when they're sick; learn how to create by watching spiders weave fibers; harness energy by examining how a leaf converts sunlight into fuel in trillionths of a second; and many more examples. Composed of stories of vision and invention, personalities and pipe dreams, Biomimicry is must reading for anyone interested in the shape of our future.
This report reviews engineering's importance to human, economic, social and cultural development and in addressing the UN Millennium Development Goals. Engineering tends to be viewed as a national issue, but engineering knowledge, companies, conferences and journals, all demonstrate that it is as international as science. The report reviews the role of engineering in development, and covers issues including poverty reduction, sustainable development, climate change mitigation and adaptation. It presents the various fields of engineering around the world and is intended to identify issues and challenges facing engineering, promote better understanding of engineering and its role, and highlight ways of making engineering more attractive to young people, especially women.--Publisher's description.