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Speech and language are central to the human experience; they are the vital means by which people convey and receive knowledge, thoughts, feelings, and other internal experiences. Acquisition of communication skills begins early in childhood and is foundational to the ability to gain access to culturally transmitted knowledge, organize and share thoughts and feelings, and participate in social interactions and relationships. Thus, speech disorders and language disorders-disruptions in communication development-can have wide-ranging and adverse impacts on the ability to communicate and also to acquire new knowledge and fully participate in society. Severe disruptions in speech or language acquisition have both direct and indirect consequences for child and adolescent development, not only in communication, but also in associated abilities such as reading and academic achievement that depend on speech and language skills. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for children provides financial assistance to children from low-income, resource-limited families who are determined to have conditions that meet the disability standard required under law. Between 2000 and 2010, there was an unprecedented rise in the number of applications and the number of children found to meet the disability criteria. The factors that contribute to these changes are a primary focus of this report. Speech and Language Disorders in Children provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of speech and language disorders and levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. This study identifies past and current trends in the prevalence and persistence of speech disorders and language disorders for the general U.S. population under age 18 and compares those trends to trends in the SSI childhood disability population.
Psychiatrists and neuroscientists discuss the potential of computational approaches to address problems in psychiatry including diagnosis, treatment, and integration with neurobiology. Modern psychiatry is at a crossroads, as it attempts to balance neurological analysis with psychological assessment. Computational neuroscience offers a new lens through which to view such thorny issues as diagnosis, treatment, and integration with neurobiology. In this volume, psychiatrists and theoretical and computational neuroscientists consider the potential of computational approaches to psychiatric issues. This unique collaboration yields surprising results, innovative synergies, and novel open questions. The contributors consider mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, the use of computation and imaging to model psychiatric disorders, ways that computation can inform psychiatric nosology, and specific applications of the computational approach. Contributors Susanne E. Ahmari, Huda Akil, Deanna M. Barch, Matthew Botvinick, Michael Breakspear, Cameron S. Carter, Matthew V. Chafee, Sophie Denève, Daniel Durstewitz, Michael B. First, Shelly B. Flagel, Michael J. Frank, Karl J. Friston, Joshua A. Gordon, Katia M. Harlé, Crane Huang, Quentin J. M. Huys, Peter W. Kalivas, John H. Krystal, Zeb Kurth-Nelson, Angus W. MacDonald III, Tiago V. Maia, Robert C. Malenka, Sanjay J. Mathew, Christoph Mathys, P. Read Montague, Rosalyn Moran, Theoden I. Netoff, Yael Niv, John P. O'Doherty, Wolfgang M. Pauli, Martin P. Paulus, Frederike Petzschner, Daniel S. Pine, A. David Redish, Kerry Ressler, Katharina Schmack, Jordan W. Smoller, Klaas Enno Stephan, Anita Thapar, Heike Tost, Nelson Totah, Jennifer L. Zick
The Pacific Symposium on Biocomputing (PSB) 2019 is an international, multidisciplinary conference for the presentation and discussion of current research in the theory and application of computational methods in problems of biological significance. Presentations are rigorously peer reviewed and are published in an archival proceedings volume. PSB 2019 will be held on January 3 - 7, 2019 in Kohala Coast, Hawaii. Tutorials and workshops will be offered prior to the start of the conference.PSB 2019 will bring together top researchers from the US, the Asian Pacific nations, and around the world to exchange research results and address open issues in all aspects of computational biology. It is a forum for the presentation of work in databases, algorithms, interfaces, visualization, modeling, and other computational methods, as applied to biological problems, with emphasis on applications in data-rich areas of molecular biology.The PSB has been designed to be responsive to the need for critical mass in sub-disciplines within biocomputing. For that reason, it is the only meeting whose sessions are defined dynamically each year in response to specific proposals. PSB sessions are organized by leaders of research in biocomputing's 'hot topics.' In this way, the meeting provides an early forum for serious examination of emerging methods and approaches in this rapidly changing field.
This book features original papers from the 3rd International Conference on Smart IoT Systems: Innovations and Computing (SSIC 2021), presenting scientific work related to smart solution concepts. It discusses scientific works related to smart solutions concept in the context of computational collective intelligence consisted of interaction between smart devices for smart environments and interactions. Thanks to the high-quality content and the broad range of the topics covered, the book appeals to researchers pursuing advanced studies.
Comprehensively presents the foundations and leading application research in medical informatics/biomedicine. The concepts and techniques are illustrated with detailed case studies. Authors are widely recognized professors and researchers in Schools of Medicine and Information Systems from the University of Arizona, University of Washington, Columbia University, and Oregon Health & Science University. Related Springer title, Shortliffe: Medical Informatics, has sold over 8000 copies The title will be positioned at the upper division and graduate level Medical Informatics course and a reference work for practitioners in the field.
This book presents an innovative approach to clinical assessment in psychiatry based on a number of psychopathological dimensions with a presumed underlying pathophysiology, that are related to fundamental phenomenological aspects and lie on a continuum from normality to pathology. It is described how the evaluation of these dimensions with a specific, validated rapid assessment instrument could easily integrate and enrich the classical diagnostic DSM-5 or ICD-10 assessment. The supplemental use of this dimensional approach can better capture the complexity underlying current categories of mental illness. The findings from a large patient sample suggest how this assessment could give a first glance at how variable and multifaceted the psychopathological components within a single diagnostic category can be, and thereby optimise diagnosis and treatment choices. Being short and easy to complete, this dimensional assessment can be done in a busy clinical setting, during an ordinary psychiatric visit, and in an acute clinical context, with limited effort by a minimally trained clinician. Therefore, it provides interesting and useful information without additional costs, and allows research work to be performed even in difficult settings.
Cancer panomics: Computational methods and infrastructure for integrative analysis of cancer high-throughput "OMICS" data. Session introduction / Soren Brunak ... [et al.] -- Tumor haplotype assembly algorithms for cancer genomics / Derek Aguiar, Wendy S.W. Wong, Sorin Istrail -- Extracting significant sample-specific cancer mutations using their protein interactions / Liviu Badea -- The stream algorithm: Computationally efficient ridge-regression via Bayesian model averaging, and applications to pharmacogenomic prediction of cancer cell line sensitivity / Elias Chaibub Neto ... [et al.] -- Sharing information to reconstruct patient-specific pathways in heterogeneous diseases / Anthony Gitter ... [et al.] -- Detecting statistical interaction between somatic mutational events and germline variation from next-generation sequence data / Hao Hu, Chad D. Huff -- Systematic assessment of analytical methods for drug sensitivity prediction from cancer cell line data / In Sock Jang ... [et al.] -- Integrative analysis of two cell lines derived from a non-small-lung cancer patient - A panomics approach / Oleg Mayba ... [et al.] -- An integrated approach to blood-based cancer diagnosis and biomarker discovery / Martin Renqiang Min ... [et al.] -- Multiplex meta-analysis of medulloblastoma expression studies with external controls / Alexander A. Morgan ... [et al.] -- Computational approaches to drug repurposing and pharmacology. Session introduction / S. Joshua Swamidass ... [et al.] -- Challenges in secondary analysis of high throughput screening data / Aurora S. Blucher, Shannon K. McWeeney -- Drug intervention response predictions with paradigm (DIRPP) identifies drug resistant cancer cell lines and pathway mechanisms of resistance / Douglas Brubaker ... [et al.] -- Anti-infectious drug repurposing using an integrated chemical genomics and structural systems biology approach / Clara Ng ... [et al.] -- Drug-target interaction prediction by integrating chemical, genomic, functional and pharmacological data / Fan Yang, Jinbo Xu, Jianyang Zeng -- Prediction of off-target drug effects through data fusion / Emmanuel R. Yera, Ann E. Cleves, Ajay N. Jain -- Exploring the pharmacogenomics knowledge base (PharmGKB) for repositioning breast cancer drugs by leveraging web ontology language (OWL) and cheminformatics approaches / Qian Zhu ... [et al.] -- Detecting and characterizing pleiotropy: New methods for uncovering the connection between the complexity of genomic architecture and multiple phenotypes. Session introduction / Anna L. Tyler, Dana C. Crawford, Sarah A. Pendergrass -- Using the bipartite human phenotype network to reveal pleiotropy and epistasis beyond the gene / Christian Darabos, Samantha H. Harmon, Jason H. Moore -- Environment-wide association study (EWAS) for type 2 diabetes in the Marshfield personalized medicine research project biobank / Molly A. Hall ... [et al.] -- Dissection of complex gene expression using the combined analysis of pleiotropy and epistasis / Vivek M. Philip, Anna L. Tyler, Gregory W. Carter -- Personalized medicine: From genotypes and molecular phenotypes towards therapy. Session introduction / Jennifer Listgarten ... [et al.] -- PATH-SCAN: A reporting tool for identifying clinically actionable variants / Roxana Daneshjou ... [et al.] -- Imputation-based assessment of next generation rare exome variant arrays / Alicia R. Martin ... [et al.] -- Utilization of an EMR-biorepository to identify the genetic predictors of calcineurin-inhibitor toxicity in heart transplant recipients/ Matthew Oetjens ... [et al.] -- Robust reverse engineering of dynamic gene networks under sample size heterogeneity / Ankur P. Parikh, Wei Wu, Eric P. Xing -- Variant priorization and analysis incorporating problematic regions of the genome / Anil Patwardhan ... [et al.] -- Bags of words models of epitope sets: HIV viral load regression with counting grids / Alessandro Perina, Pietro Lovato, Nebojsa Jojic -- Joint association discovery and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by supervised heterogeneous multiview learning / Shandian Zhe ... [et al.] -- Text and data mining for biomedical discover. Session introduction / Graciela H. Gonzalez ... [et al.] -- Vector quantization kernels for the classification of protein sequences and structures / Wyatt T. Clark, Predrag Radivojac -- Combining Heterogenous data for prediction of disease related and pharmacogenes / Christopher S. Funk, Lawrence E. Hunter, K. Bretonnel Cohen -- A novel profile biomarker diagnosis for mass spectral proteomics / Henry Han -- Towards pathway curation through literature mining - A case study using PharmGKB / Ravikumar K.E., Kavishwar B. Wagholikar, Hongfang Liu -- Sparse generalized functional linear model for predicting remission status of depression patients / Yashu Liu ... [et al.] -- Development of a data-mining algorithm to identify ages at reproductive milestones in electronic medical records / Jennifer Malinowski, Eric Farber-Eger, Dana C. Crawford -- An efficient algorithm to integrate network and attribute data for gene function prediction / Shankar Vembu, Quaid Morris -- Matrix factorization-based data fusion for gene function prediction in Baker's yeast and slime mold / Marinka Zitnik, Blaz Zupan -- Workshops. Applications of bioinformatics to non-coding RNAs in the era of next-generation sequencing / Chao Cheng, Jason Moore, Casey Greene -- Building the next generation of quantitative biologists / Kristine A. Pattin ... [et al.] -- Uncovering the etiology of autism spectrum disorders: Genomics, bioinformatics, environment, data collection and exploration, and future possibilities / Sarah A. Pendergrass, Santhosh Girirajan, Scott Selleck
This cutting-edge book brings advances in genetics, neurobiology, and psychopharmacology to the clinic to enhance treatment for neurodevelopmental disorders. Significant progress has been made in identifying the neurobiological mechanisms of several disorders and targeted treatments are modifying the outcome of these disorders. However, the ability to utilize this knowledge has not been summarized in one place for the practicing clinician. This book will fill that gap by providing the theoretical underpinnings and the latest advances in targeted treatments. Several neurodevelopmental disorders are reviewed in detail including clinical features and behavioral phenotypes, standard treatments and new targeted treatments based on the latest advances in neurobiology and the animal model studies that have lead to new treatments. The disorders covered include psychiatric disorders: schizophrenia, depression, autism and ADHD; single gene disorders including Tuberous Sclerosis, Fragile X Syndrome and fragile X- associated disorders, Angelman Syndrome, PKU, and Muscular Dystrophies; and complex genetic disorders such as Down syndrome. This book also highlights the commonalities across disorders and new genetic and molecular concepts in an easy to read format. This is a very exciting time for new targeted treatments and this volume is a landmark treatise on this new age of treatment.
Homeostatic Control of Brain Function offers a broad view of brain health and diverse perspectives for potential treatments, targeting key areas such as mitochondria, the immune system, epigenetic changes, and regulatory molecules such as ions, neuropeptides, and neuromodulators. Loss of homeostasis becomes expressed as a diverse array of neurological disorders. Each disorder has multiple comorbidities - with some crossing over several conditions - and often disease-specific treatments remain elusive. When current pharmacological therapies result in ineffective and inadequate outcomes, therapies to restore and maintain homeostatic functions can help improve brain health, no matter the diagnosis. Employing homeostatic therapies may lead to future cures or treatments that address multiple comorbidities. In an age where brain diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's are ever present, the incorporation of homeostatic techniques could successfully promote better overall brain health. Key Features include · A focus on the homeostatic controls that significantly depend on the way one lives, eats, and drinks. · Highlights from emerging research in non-pharmaceutical therapies including botanical medications, meditation, diet, and exercise. · Incorporation of homeostatic therapies into existing basic and clinical research paradigms. · Extensive scientific basic and clinical research ranging from molecules to disorders. · Emerging practical information for improving homeostasis. · Examples of homeostatic therapies in preventing and delaying dysfunction. Both editors, Detlev Boison and Susan Masino, bring their unique expertise in homeostatic research to the overall scope of this work. This book is accessible to all with an interest in brain health; scientist, clinician, student, and lay reader alike.
Precision Public Health is a new and rapidly evolving field, that examines the application of new technologies to public health policy and practice. It draws on a broad range of disciplines including genomics, spatial data, data linkage, epidemiology, health informatics, big data, predictive analytics and communications. The hope is that these new technologies will strengthen preventive health, improve access to health care, and reach disadvantaged populations in all areas of the world. But what are the downsides and what are the risks, and how can we ensure the benefits flow to those population groups most in need, rather than simply to those individuals who can afford to pay? This is the first collection of theoretical frameworks, analyses of empirical data, and case studies to be assembled on this topic, published to stimulate debate and promote collaborative work.