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As countries around the world seek to enhance their economies while facing the challenges of climate change and income inequality, national competitiveness is an important marker of the related strengths and weaknesses that policymakers will need to address. Among the existing reports on national competitiveness and rankings, such as IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook and WEF Global Competitiveness Report, there are sizable discrepancies in the ranking order for the same countries. As a result, confusion arises as such an outcome creates difficulties for government officials when translating these findings into real-world policies.The reality is that these discrepancies are due to the differences in logic and analytical models used by IMD and WEF. Therefore, in recognizing such problems and limitations, The Competitiveness of Nations 2 presents the IPS model as a new approach. Building on from Michael Porter's diamond model, it demonstrates a robust set of methodologies as well as offers several key policy implications for economies around the world that wish to enhance their competitiveness.The analytical tools used in this book can be further utilized for other units of analysis such as industries and individual firms. As this book provides a series of sophisticated methodologies and specific guidelines for enhancing national competitiveness, both academics and practitioners can derive useful implications.This annual book series was launched in 2021 and has included timely topics and in-depth discussion on national competitiveness. The first edition dealt with the COVID-19 global pandemic and the US-China trade war as its key focus. For this second edition, the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) issue has been selected given its growing impact on strategic decision-making at both firm and country levels for sustainable competitiveness. This edition explores the development of ESG in various regions including Asia (Japan, Korea, India), Europe (Russia), Latin America (Peru), and Africa (Sub-Saharan Africa). It addresses how firms can contribute to ESG, and what governments should do to incentivize or regulate firms' engagement in its practices.
"As countries around the world seek to enhance their economies while facing the challenges of climate change and income inequality, national competitiveness is an important marker of the related strengths and weaknesses that policymakers will need to address. Among the existing reports on national competitiveness and rankings, such as IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook and WEF Global Competitiveness Report, there are sizable discrepancies in the ranking order for the same countries. As a result, confusion arises as such an outcome creates difficulties for government officials when translating these findings into real-world policies. The reality is that these discrepancies are due to the differences in logic and analytical models used by IMD and WEF. Therefore, in recognizing such problems and limitations, The Competitiveness of Nations 2 presents the IPS model as a new approach. Building on from Michael Porter's diamond model, it demonstrates a robust set of methodologies as well as offers several key policy implications for economies around the world that wish to enhance their competitiveness. The analytical tools used in this book can be further utilized for other units of analysis such as industries and individual firms. As this book provides a series of sophisticated methodologies and specific guidelines for enhancing national competitiveness, both academics and practitioners can derive useful implications. This annual book series was launched in 2021 and has included timely topics and in-depth discussion on national competitiveness. The first edition dealt with the COVID-19 global pandemic and the US-China trade war as its key focus. For this second edition, the Environment, Social, and Governance (ESG) issue has been selected given its growing impact on strategic decision-making at both firm and economic levels for sustainable competitiveness. This edition explores the development of ESG in various regions including Asia (Japan, Korea, India), Europe (Russia), Latin America (Peru), and Africa (Sub-Saharan Africa). It addresses how firms can contribute to ESG, and what governments should do to incentivize or regulate firms' engagement in its practices"--
In the existing reports on national competitiveness and rankings such as IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook and WEF Global Competitiveness Report, there are sizable discrepancies in the ranking order for the same countries. As a result, the reader is often confused because such an outcome creates difficulties for government officials when translating these findings into real-world policies.These discrepancies are actually due to the differences in logic and analytical models used by IMD and WEF. Therefore, in recognizing the problems and limitations of these models, this book presents the IPS model as a new approach. As an extension of Michael Porter's diamond model, it demonstrates a robust set of methodologies as well as offers a number of key policy implications for countries around the world that wish to enhance their national competitiveness.The analytical tools used in this book can be further utilized for other units of analysis such as industries and firms. As this book provides a series of sophisticated methodologies and specific guidelines for enhancing national competitiveness, both academics and practitioners can derive useful implications from this research.Alongside the theoretical frameworks and methodologies for national competitiveness presented in this book, the special theme and focus of this third volume is the fourth industrial revolution and the emerging technologies that are relevant to corporate and national competitiveness.The discussion on the digitalization of business began as early as the 1990s, but emerging technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing have only been a recent trend. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of emerging technologies by both firms and countries. Yet, despite the growing importance of emerging technologies, firms and governments seem to be lagging in effectively integrating them into their operations. To address these challenges, this book explains how emerging technologies have affected firms, industries, and countries. It also welcomes discussion on how firms and countries are responding to the changing environment to enhance their competitiveness through these new technologies.
This book does not present a single philosophical approach to taxation and ethics, but instead demonstrates the divergence in opinions and approaches using a framework consisting of three broad categories: tax policy and design of tax law; ethical standards for tax advisors and taxpayers; and tax law enforcement. In turn, the book addresses a number of moral questions in connection with taxes, concerning such topics as: • the nature of government • the relation between government (the state) and its subjects or citizens • the moral justification of taxes• the link between property and taxation• tax planning, evasion and avoidance • corporate social responsibility• the use of coercive power in collecting taxes and enforcing tax laws • ethical standards for tax advisors • tax payer rights • the balance between individual rights to liberty and privacy, and government compliance and information requirements • the moral justification underlying the efforts of legislators and policymakers to restructure society and steer individual and corporate behavior.
This edition of the OECD Sovereign Borrowing Outlook reviews developments in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for government borrowing needs, funding conditions and funding strategies in the OECD area.
Investors are increasingly integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues into their investment decisions. Currently, more than half of managed assets in Europe are linked to ESG factors, while in Japan, ESG investment has grown dramatically in recent years. In principle, ESG investment can help to bridge the gap between profit-driven investment and economic and social sustainability in Asia and the Pacific. However, a number of challenges, such as unclear and varied sustainable investment criteria, untested impacts on corporate value and social issues, and the lack of quality data cloud the potential for increasing ESG investment. This book aims to contribute to developing a framework for future analysis and monitoring to ensure the growth of ESG investment.
Featuring an original introduction by the editors, this important collection of essays explores the main issues surrounding the regulation of the environment. The expert contributors illustrate that regulating the environment in the UK is conceptually complex, involves a diverse range of institutions, techniques and methodologies and crosses geographical and national boundaries. In the USA it is more formalised, juridical, adversarial and formally dependent upon legal rules. The articles highlight the fact that despite differences in the UK and the USA's regulatory styles, environmental regulation today has much in common with both traditions.
"An explanation for Korea's economic success"--
MCC Centre for Next Technological Futures Studies on Innovation, Technologies and Regions, Volume 1 As cyberpunk writer William Gibson famously said, “The future is already here—it’s just not evenly distributed.” This ironic statement is particularly relevant when we look at the map of innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems in Europe, where we can easily see deep regional imbalances. But while the future of technology is nearly impossible to predict, it could be discovered by those companies—the startups whose basic working method is trial and error. In addition, the current deafening hype around artificial intelligence is also reigniting the debate about robots and their impact on our economy and society. And these are the main reasons this book is about startups and robots. The studies conducted at the Centre for Next Technological Futures, Mathias Corvinus Collegium, Budapest, raise questions such as: How does geographic proximity to venture capital affect startups at different stages of development? While startups in Europe are concentrated in a handful of large cities, what opportunities do smaller cities have that specialise in Industry 4.0? What factors influence the use of industrial robots in different European countries, and how does the story of industrial robots differ from the emerging new story of robots in the service sector? Incubators and accelerators can increase the chances of survival of startups, but are those institutions that only chase a quick return on investment really the most successful? CONTRIBUTORS: Borbála Brosig Zoltán Cséfalvay Csaba Kristóf Johanyák Viktor Lázár Csikó Bálint Pálfai Orsolya Székely Zoltán Szombathy Máté Ujvárosi