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Why has the biotechnology industry failed to perform up to expectations? This book attempts to answer this question by providing a critique of the industry. It reveals the causes of biotech's problems and offers an analysis on how the industry works. It also provides prescriptions for companies, seeking ways to improve the industry's performance.
Advanced 3D-Printed Systems and Nanosystems for Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering explores the intricacies of nanostructures and 3D printed systems in terms of their design as drug delivery or tissue engineering devices, their further evaluations and diverse applications. The book highlights the most recent advances in both nanosystems and 3D-printed systems for both drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. It discusses the convergence of biofabrication with nanotechnology, constructing a directional customizable biomaterial arrangement for promoting tissue regeneration, combined with the potential for controlled bioactive delivery. These discussions provide a new viewpoint for both biomaterials scientists and pharmaceutical scientists. - Shows how nanotechnology and 3D printing are being used to create systems which are intelligent, biomimetic and customizable to the patient - Explores the current generation of nanostructured 3D printed medical devices - Assesses the major challenges of using 3D printed nanosystems for the manufacture of new pharmaceuticals
This Atlas provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the historical and current perspectives on osteoarthritis, including the pathophysiology and epidemiology of the disease. Written by leading authors in the field of osteoarthritis, the book discusses classification, etiology and risk factors for osteoarthritis, the disease course and determinants of osteoarthritis progression, clinical features and diagnosis as well as imaging methods to assess joint damage. The Atlas of Osteoarthritis concludes with the latest treatment updates including both nonpharmacological and pharmacological treatments, as well as surgical recommendations for patients with the disease. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of joint disease causing joint pain, stiffness, and physical disability among adults. It is an important issue for both the individual and society with its impact on public health continuing to grow as a result of the aging population, the rising prevalence of obesity, and the lack of definitive treatments to prevent or halt the progress of the disease.
Chronic pain costs the nation up to $635 billion each year in medical treatment and lost productivity. The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act required the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to enlist the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in examining pain as a public health problem. In this report, the IOM offers a blueprint for action in transforming prevention, care, education, and research, with the goal of providing relief for people with pain in America. To reach the vast multitude of people with various types of pain, the nation must adopt a population-level prevention and management strategy. The IOM recommends that HHS develop a comprehensive plan with specific goals, actions, and timeframes. Better data are needed to help shape efforts, especially on the groups of people currently underdiagnosed and undertreated, and the IOM encourages federal and state agencies and private organizations to accelerate the collection of data on pain incidence, prevalence, and treatments. Because pain varies from patient to patient, healthcare providers should increasingly aim at tailoring pain care to each person's experience, and self-management of pain should be promoted. In addition, because there are major gaps in knowledge about pain across health care and society alike, the IOM recommends that federal agencies and other stakeholders redesign education programs to bridge these gaps. Pain is a major driver for visits to physicians, a major reason for taking medications, a major cause of disability, and a key factor in quality of life and productivity. Given the burden of pain in human lives, dollars, and social consequences, relieving pain should be a national priority.
Hydrogels, as three-dimensional polymer networks, are able to retain a large amount of water in their swollen state. The biomedical application of hydrogels was initially hampered by the toxicity of cross-linking agents and the limitations of hydrogel formation under physiological conditions. However, emerging knowledge in polymer chemistry and an increased understanding of biological processes have resulted in the design of versatile materials and minimally invasive therapies.The novel but challenging properties of hydrogels are attracting the attention of researchers in the biological, medical, and pharmaceutical fields. In the last few years, new methods have been developed for the preparation of hydrophilic polymers and hydrogels, which may be used in future biomedical and drug delivery applications. Such efforts include the synthesis of self-organized nanostructures based on triblock copolymers with applications in controlled drug delivery. These hydrogels could be used as carriers for drug delivery when combined with the techniques of drug imprinting and subsequent release. Engineered protein hydrogels have many potential advantages. They are excellent biomaterials and biodegradables. Furthermore, they could encapsulate drugs and be used in injectable forms to replace surgery, to repair damaged cartilage, in regenerative medicine, or in tissue engineering. Also, they have potential applications in gene therapy, although this field is relatively new.
Despite the huge impact that biomaterials have had on patients' quality of life, improvements in device performance and the development of alternatives to augment available therapies are continuously being sought. This book explores the development and application of biomaterials over the past 25 years, examining the current clinical demand, the scientific rationale, and the technical challenges to be overcome. Furthermore, this book introduces the blood components involved in hemostasis and thrombosis, followed by the common biomaterials applied in blood-contacting devices. The complications induced by the interactions between blood and biomaterials is also briefly addressed, as well as the commonly used techniques for improving biomaterials' hemocompatibility. In addition, the authors give some valuable insight into calcium orthophosphate cements and concretes, as excellent biomaterials suitable for both dental and bone grafting application. Despite the growth of potential hydrogel based therapies, the route to market for new products is constrained by the need to develop an appropriate regulatory and metrological framework under which they will be assessed. This book outlines the role that metrology has to play in the regulation of emerging hydrogel-based therapies and detail possible strategies for assessing their safety and effectiveness. Other chapters examine the surface of CoCrMo alloy prior and after exposure into different solutions simulating oral conditions, recent research on delivery of gold nanoparticles inside the cells and their potential applications in nanomedicine, and the widely used biomedical applications for hydrogels.
Now in its fourth edition and with a new title – Injection Techniques in Musculoskeletal Medicine – this successful step-by-step guide is a trusted resource used by a wide range of practitioners who have to deal with the management of painful joints and soft tissues, particularly in relation to sports and overuse injuries. Area by area, guidance is given for each lesion on appropriate patient selection and delivery of the drug. Every technique has its own two-page spread containing a written description along with an anatomical illustration of the region and a photograph showing the anatomical landmarks for the injection. This new edition is now accompanied by a Trainer available via www.injectiontechniquesonline.com. Please see log on for further details on how to access the virtual training guide - introduced by Stephanie Saunders herself - which covers the top most common injection techniques for each of the body regions. Through key text, videos, animations and interactive self-assessment, users are tested on their knowledge of anatomical landmarks, differential diagnoses, assessment criteria, drug selection and technical skill. Further access is given to a library of over 50 video clips showing supplementary injection techniques which clearly demonstrate the correct anatomical position for each needle insertion. Illustrations, references, lesions, drugs, controversies! Chapters on Other Injectable Substances; Landmark and Image Guided Injections Latest evidence in injection therapy literature Adapted and simplified practical sections Access to Musculoskeletal Injection Techniques Trainer – a virtual aid to test your anatomical and technical skills on the top most common injections for the upper and lower limbs and spine – perfect for self-testing and honing your skills! Log on to www.injectiontechniquesonline.com to begin The Trainer also gives unlimited access to a bank of over 50 video clips demonstrating actual needle insertion for each lesion
A fascinating glimpse inside the life-and-death business of biotechnology.
Recent research indicates that gender differences in anatomy and physiology, endocrinology, hand eye co-ordination and motor development have an effect on the kinds of injuries incurred as a result of sporting activities. Since men and women have different responses to exercise; strength and conditioning programs should be modified for these differences. Musculoskeletal Health in Women was born out of a need to provide fitness advice tailored to women. For example, research has focused on correcting neuromuscular imbalances in women to prevent injuries. Increased abduction moment at the knee and balance problems have been found to be predictors of ACL injury. Muscle strengthening with special emphasis on the terminal knee extensors and hip abductors can improve these neuromuscular imbalances. Additionally, taping and bracing at the ankle may be helpful, particularly in women prone to certain injuries. Any discussion of women’s sports injuries is only complete if it includes the Female Athlete Triad: energy availability (which is affected by eating disorders), osteoporosis, and menstrual function. Musculoskeletal Health in Women provides a fully-illustrated and comprehensive overview of all of these aspects and its multidisciplinary approach ensures that expertise is provided from disciplines such as psychiatry, physiatry, endocrinology, nutrition, rheumatology, orthopedics, physical therapy and radiology. These authors have worked with women athletes of all ilks and are well equipped to address a full spectrum of issues related to the musculoskeletal health of women. Musculoskeletal Health in Women will be of primary interest to women athletes and women embarking on a fitness regimen. Health professionals working in this area would also invariably benefit from the advice and guidance provided within these pages.
This well-illustrated book provides step-by-step guidance on the various techniques – microlaryngoscopic, fiberoptic endoscopic and transcutaneous – that can be employed for the purpose of injection laryngoplasty, a surgical procedure in which a foreign material is injected into the vocal fold. The anatomy and function of the region are first explained, with identification of the causes and means of evaluation of glottic and neoglottic insufficiency. Advice is then provided on the choice of material for injection laryngoplasty, including absorbable and long-lasting options, on the basis of careful analysis that takes into account both the recent literature and the authors’ own experiences. Detailed descriptions of the surgical indications and different procedures follow and for ease of reference, clear flow charts on diagnosis and indications are also included. The book concludes with chapters on the use of injection laryngoplasty specifically in the pediatric population and on postoperative care and speech therapy following the procedure. Injection Laryngoplasty will provide valuable assistance to all surgeons wishing to perform this kind of surgery.