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Speech and language are central to the human experience; they are the vital means by which people convey and receive knowledge, thoughts, feelings, and other internal experiences. Acquisition of communication skills begins early in childhood and is foundational to the ability to gain access to culturally transmitted knowledge, organize and share thoughts and feelings, and participate in social interactions and relationships. Thus, speech disorders and language disorders-disruptions in communication development-can have wide-ranging and adverse impacts on the ability to communicate and also to acquire new knowledge and fully participate in society. Severe disruptions in speech or language acquisition have both direct and indirect consequences for child and adolescent development, not only in communication, but also in associated abilities such as reading and academic achievement that depend on speech and language skills. The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program for children provides financial assistance to children from low-income, resource-limited families who are determined to have conditions that meet the disability standard required under law. Between 2000 and 2010, there was an unprecedented rise in the number of applications and the number of children found to meet the disability criteria. The factors that contribute to these changes are a primary focus of this report. Speech and Language Disorders in Children provides an overview of the current status of the diagnosis and treatment of speech and language disorders and levels of impairment in the U.S. population under age 18. This study identifies past and current trends in the prevalence and persistence of speech disorders and language disorders for the general U.S. population under age 18 and compares those trends to trends in the SSI childhood disability population.
Children's language difficulties affect many areas of functioning and development. Since most children with these difficulties are expected to function in ordinary schools and nurseries it is important that parents, teachers and practitioners have a broad understanding of the issues. Language and communication problems typically fall under the umbrella terms 'language disability, 'language delay', or 'language difficulties. They can range from an occasional difficulty with certain sounds to an inability to communicate using spoken language. These problems can occur in isolation or be associated with a range of special needs such as hearing loss, visual impairment or learning disabilities. This is the first introductory text to outline the difficulties experienced by children and link these to issues surrounding multidisciplinary assessment, intervention and service provision. Children's Language and Communication Difficulties offers professionals and parents an up-to-date account of: -the developmental language problems that children experience -the provision available to meet the child's needs the long term impact of language difficulties The authors examine the problems of identification and diagnosis, and explore the range of physical and cognitive disabilities associated with language problems. They have also looked closely at alternative forms of communication and have provided the reader with discussion and evaluation of recently developed intervention techniques.
A product of a statewide (California) survey of 104 school districts and 9 county educational agencies, the report focuses on promising practices for use with handicapped children of limited English proficiency (LEP). In Phase One, seven categories of promising practices or program attributes were identified:(1) first and second language development, (2) cultural considerations, (3) teacher competencies and staff development, (4) administrative interface and collaboration, (5) nonbiased assessment, (6) educational placement and programming, and (7) parent involvement. The area of promising practice most frequently identified by survey participants was nonbiased assessment. Major findings of the Phase Two survey of current educational practices included the proportional representation of LEP students in special education, frequent consideration of language problems in the assessment of LEP students, and a Spanish emphasis. The third phase involved compiling an annotated bibliography on the professional literature dealing with special education services for the culturally and/or linguistically different handicapped student. The 112 citations which make up the bulk of this publication are grouped according to the seven categories of promising practices. The final phase is an analysis and summary of findings for each of the seven categories. The need for the field to focus more on qualitative questions of program placement and educational delivery as well as on ways to more meaningfully involve parents is stressed. Appendices provide (1) a breakdown of the components of each of the promising practices categories, and (2) a set of forms describing promising practices of various school districts. Twelve pages of references are also provided. (DB)
Special Education in Contemporary Society: An Introduction to Exceptionality is designed for use by preservice and inservice teachers who will teach students with special needs in the general classroom. The text provides a rare glimpse into the lives of persons with exceptionalities, including their families and teachers. Focusing on human exceptionalities across the life span, the text employs a traditional organization beginning with four foundations chapters that introduce teachers to special education, followed by 10 "categorical" chapters each on a different "disability." Each categorical chapter features sections on transition, cultural diversity, technology, instructional strategies, and family considerations.
Assessment of Communication Disorders in Children: Resources and Protocols, Fourth Edition offers a unique combination of scholarly information, invaluable resources, and time-saving protocols on assessment of the full range of communication disorders in children, including nonverbal or minimally verbal children. Most resource books offer limited research and scholarly information, thus making them unsuitable as textbooks for academic courses on assessment and diagnosis. Similarly, most traditional textbooks do not include practical, easy-to-use, and time-saving resources and protocols that the practicing clinicians can readily use during assessment sessions. By combining the strengths of traditional texts with newer assessment resources and protocols, this one-of-a-kind book offers a single, comprehensive source that is suitable as a textbook and useful as a practical clinical resource. This bestselling and trusted text: * Includes an extensive discussion of issues in using standardized tests along with detailed information on psychometric principles and offers a detailed discussion of alternative assessment approaches that minimize the problems inherent to standardized tests * Describes a new, comprehensive, and integrated assessment approach that derives its strengths from the traditional as well as several alternative approaches * Addresses the multicultural issues in assessing communication disorders in children and integrates culturally responsive assessment procedures into the assessment protocols * Contains two chapters for each disorder: one on resources that offers scholarly and research background and one on resources that describe practical procedures and protocols that save the clinician’s preparation time New to the Fourth Edition: * A new section on the assessment of voice in transgender and gender diverse adolescents * A new section on selective mutism in bilingual children, included in alternative and integrated assessment of ethnoculturally diverse children * All normative tables placed in relevant chapter appendices for quick access * The content has been updated throughout to reflect the current state of research * Updated diagnostic features of all childhood communication disorders * All protocols streamlined and edited for precision (in book and on website) * Updated resources for commonly used assessment instruments and standardized tests, now available on the companion website * All defined and key terms are now bolded * Simplified writing style and reduced redundancy for increased readability and comprehension