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This book analyzes how transport influences the ecology of various regions. Integrating perspectives and approaches from around the globe, it examines the use of different types of engines and fuels, and assesses the impact of vehicle design on the environment. The book also addresses the effect of the transport situation in agglomerations on their environmental safety. Various types of environmental impacts are considered, from traditional emissions to noise and vibration. Presenting scientific advances from 7 European countries, the book appeals to experts, teachers and students, as well as to anyone interested in the environmental aspects of the transport industry.
Direct injection enables precise control of the fuel/air mixture so that engines can be tuned for improved power and fuel economy, but ongoing research challenges remain in improving the technology for commercial applications. As fuel prices escalate DI engines are expected to gain in popularity for automotive applications. This important book, in two volumes, reviews the science and technology of different types of DI combustion engines and their fuels. Volume 1 deals with direct injection gasoline and CNG engines, including history and essential principles, approaches to improved fuel economy, design, optimisation, optical techniques and their applications. - Reviews key technologies for enhancing direct injection (DI) gasoline engines - Examines approaches to improved fuel economy and lower emissions - Discusses DI compressed natural gas (CNG) engines and biofuels
Twentyfour years have gone by since the publication of K. Lohner and H. Muller's comprehen sive work "Gemischbildung und Verbrennung im Ottomotor" in 1967 [1.1]' Naturally, the field of mixture formation and combustion in the spark-ignition engine has wit nessed great technological advances and many new findings in the intervening years, so that the time seemed ripe for presenting a summary of recent research and developments. There fore, I gladly took up the suggestion of the editors of this series of books, Professor Dr. H. List and Professor Dr. A. Pischinger, to write a book summarizing the present state of the art. A center of activity of the Institute of Internal-Combustion Engines and Automotive Engineering at the Vienna Technical University, which I am heading, is the field of mixture formation -there fore, many new results that have been achieved in this area in collaboration with the respective industry have been included in this volume. The basic principles of combustion are discussed only to that extent which seemect necessary for an understanding of the effects of mixture formation. The focal point of this volume is the mixture formation in spark-ignition engines, covering both the theory and actual design of the mixture formation units and appropriate intake manifolds. Also, the related measurement technology is explained in this work.
Introduces the field of hydrogen technology and explains the basic chemistry underlying promising and innovative new technologies This new and completely updated edition of Introduction to Hydrogen Technology explains, at an introductory level, the scientific and technical aspects of hydrogen technology. It incorporates information on the latest developments and the current research in the field, including: new techniques for isolating and storing hydrogen, usage as a fuel for automobiles, residential power systems, mobile power systems, and space applications. Introduction to Hydrogen Technology, Second Edition features classroom-tested exercises and sample problems. It details new economical methods for isolating the pure hydrogen molecule. These less expensive methods help make hydrogen fuel a very viable alternative to petroleum-based energy. The book also adds a new chapter on hydrogen production and batteries. It also provides in-depth coverage of the many technical hurdles in hydrogen storage. The developments in fuel cells since the last edition has been updated. Offers new chapters on hydrogen production, storage, and batteries Features new sections on advanced hydrogen systems, new membranes, greenhouse gas sensors and updated technologies involving solar and wind energies Includes problems at the end of the Chapters, as well as solutions for adopters This book is an introduction to hydrogen technology for students who have taken at least one course in general chemistry and calculus; it will also be a resource book for scientists and researchers working in hydrogen-based technologies, as well as anyone interested in sustainable energy.