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Single-party government is the norm of British politics - or so conventional wisdom has it. History tells us otherwise. Coalitions have been a feature of British political life since the Glorious Revolution. Bringing together leading political historians, this book casts new light on past and present problems of coalition politics.
Because modern British politics is conventionally studied via the political parties, we fail to register just how many important developments have taken place beyond or across the frontiers of the party system. Coalitions, multi-party groupings and "National Governments" have frequently held power - far more often, indeed, than most of us are aware. Even when unsuccessful, the drive for them has left permanent marks on the nation. Moreover, many of the key figures in modern British history - Joseph Chamberlain, David Lloyd George and Winston Churchill amongst them - can only be fully understood within this context, free from the distortions and limitations of the usual party lens. G.R. Searle's invigorating book explores the origins, triumphs, failures and impact of this tradition down to the present. In doing so it does more than retrieve a robust, active and highly influential dimension of British political life from indefensible neglect: it also reveals the whole familiar landscape of modern British political history from a strikingly new angle. Starting with the party realignment of 1886, the book explores the early strivings for 'national' and 'centre' parties involving, amongst many others, Chamberlain and Lord Randolph Churchill and, later, Lord Rosebery and Milner, before considering the coalition ministries of the First World War under Asquith and Lloyd George. It goes on to examine the "National Governments" of the 1930s. It then analyses the coalition government under Winston Churchill in the Second World War, and the implications of the 1945 General Election that returned British politics to what, in the postwar period, often seemed the inevitability of the two-party system. Yet, as Professor Searle shows, even here the coalitionist tradition has proved resilient and resourceful; and his book ends with the vigorous attempts of the Alliance parties to "break the mould" of postwar politics in the 1980s.
This book examines the formation and operation of the Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government from May 2010 to May 2015. The authors outline the factors that enabled the union, including economic circumstances, parliamentary politics, the initially amicable relationship established between David Cameron and Nick Clegg, and the apparent ideological closeness of Conservative modernisers and Orange Book Liberal Democrats. The authors then analyse how these factors shaped the policy agenda pursued over the five years, including the issues of deficit reduction, public sector reform, and welfare reduction, before discussing the tensions that developed as a result of these decisions. Ultimately, relations between the coalition partners steadily became less amicable and more acrimonious, as mutual respect gave way to mutual recrimination.
The British general election of May 2010 delivered the first coalition government since the Second World War. David Cameron and Nick Clegg pledged a 'new politics' with the government taking office in the midst of the worst economic crisis since the 1930s. Five years on, a team of leading experts drawn from academia, the media, Parliament, Whitehall and think tanks assesses this 'coalition effect' across a broad range of policy areas. Adopting the contemporary history approach, this pioneering book addresses academic and policy debates across this whole range of issues. Did the coalition represent the natural 'next step' in party dealignment and the evolution of multi-party politics? Was coalition in practice a historic innovation in itself, or did the essential principles of Britain's uncodified constitution remain untroubled? Fundamentally, was the coalition able to deliver on its promises made in the coalition agreement, and what were the consequences - for the country and the parties - of this union?
Coalitions are the commonest kind of democratic government, occurring frequently in most countries of western Europe. It is usually assumed that political parties came together in a government coalition because they agree already, or can reach an agreement, on the policy it should pursue. This book examines this idea using evidence from party election programmes and government programmes. It demonstrates that party policies do influence government programmes, but not to the extent they would if policy-agreement were the sole basis of coalition.
`England', Benjamin Disraeli famously said, `does not love coalitions'. But 2010 saw the first peace-time coalition in Britain since the 1930s. The coalition, moreover, may well not be an aberration. For there are signs that, with the rise in strength of third parties, hung parliaments are more likely to recur than in the past. Perhaps, therefore, the era of single-party majority government, to which we have become accustomed since 1945, is coming to an end. But is the British constitution equipped to deal with coalition? Are alterations in the procedures of parliament or government needed to cope with it? The inter-party agreement between the coalition partners proposes a wide ranging series of constitutional reforms, the most important of which are fixed-term parliaments and a referendum on the alternative vote electoral system, to be held in May 2011. The coalition is also proposing measures to reduce the size of the House of Commons, to directly elect the House of Lords and to strengthen localism. These reforms, if implemented, could permanently alter the way we are governed. This book analyses the significance of coalition government for Britain and of the momentous constitutional reforms which the coalition is proposing. In doing so it seeks to penetrate the cloud of polemic and partisanship to provide an objective analysis for the informed citizen.
When David Cameron and Nick Clegg stepped out into the rose garden at No. 10 to launch the first coalition government since the Second World War, it was amid a sea of uncertainty. Some doubted whether the coalition could survive a full term - or even a full year. Five years later, this bold departure for British politics had weathered storms, spending cuts and military strikes, rows, referendums and riots. In this compelling insider account, David Laws lays bare the inner workings of the coalition government from its birth in 2010 to its demise in 2015. As one of the chief Lib Dem negotiators, Laws had a front-row seat from the very beginning of the parliament. Holding key posts in the heart of government, he was there for the triumphs, the tantrums and the tactical manoeuvrings. Now, he brings this experience to bear, revealing how crucial decisions were made, uncovering the often explosive divisions between and within the coalition parties, and candidly exploring the personalities and positions of the leading players on both sides of the government. Honest, insightful and at times shocking, Coalition shines a powerful light on perhaps the most fascinating political partnership of modern times.
Beech and Lee provide a definitive guide to the coalition's first year in office. Offering compelling insights into their policy agenda, its chances of success, and a thought-provoking analysis of how the coalition government will affect the Conservatives, Liberal Democrats and Labour long-term.
This book gives a fresh perspective on minority governance using declassified files which challenge some of the myths surrounding the minority administrations in the 1970s, and reveals a British tradition of minority government which goes beyond that of other countries.