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This collection of essays, which derive from a symposium held at the Art Institute of Chicago in 2005, tells the story of how medieval art was collected by both individuals and institutions in the American Midwest. This book will appeal to both medievalists and scholars of nineteenth- and twentieth century American history. In addition, it will also appeal to scholars who are interested in museum studies and the history of collecting. The essays in the first section, “Collecting and Displaying Medieval Art,” consider the formation of medieval art collections at influential cultural institutions in three of the most important centers of industry and culture in the Midwest: Chicago, Detroit and Cleveland. The second section, “Medieval Art as Inspiration and Education,” examines the motives of both private donors and museum professionals in forming collections and establishing period rooms and cloistered spaces at museums in Toledo, Kansas City, and St. Louis, among others. At the opposite end of the spectrum was a new trend in curatorial practice, beginning in the 1930s, that favored the dismantling of period rooms and espoused displaying historical works of art in more distinctly modern settings, a theme that pervades section three, “Medieval Art and Modernism.” An essay on medieval art in Midwestern university art museums and another one that considers the impact of works from medieval collections in special exhibitions serve as a remarkable coda to the rest of the volume. Two appendices follow this, one that provides an overview of medieval art collections in Midwestern university museums and another which provides a biographical sketch of prominent dealers of medieval art from 1900-1950.
American art museums share a mission and format that differ from those of their European counterparts, which often have origins in aristocratic collections. This groundbreaking work recounts the fascinating story of the invention of the modern American art museum, starting with its roots in the 1870s in the craft museum type, which was based on London’s South Kensington (now the Victoria and Albert) Museum. At the turn of the twentieth century, American planners grew enthusiastic about a new type of museum and presentation that was developed in Northern Europe, particularly in Germany, Switzerland, and Scandinavia. Called Kulturgeschichte (cultural history) museums, they were evocative displays of regional history. American trustees, museum directors, and curators found that the Kulturgeschichte approach offered a variety of transformational options in planning museums, classifying and displaying objects, and broadening collecting categories, including American art and the decorative arts. Leading institutions, including the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, adopted and developed crucial aspects of the Kulturgeschichte model. By the 1930s, such museum plans and exhibition techniques had become standard practice at museums across the country.
The era from 1890 to 1930 constituted a building boom for American art museums designed in a monumental, classical style; both the proliferation of the buildings and the ubiquity of the style seem to indicate an architectural as well as a sociocultural phenomenon. The present work is an attempt to place the American art museum building of this period into its historical milieu, and employs over one hundred illustrations and sociocultural analysis to explain the significance of both the institutions and the structures housing them to those who came into regular contact with them, including architects, patrons, journalists, and museum personnel.
This highly successful short history of Cleveland has now been revised and brought up to date through 1996, the bicentennial year, including two new chapters, and new illustrations and charts.
The User Perspective on Twenty-First Century Art Museums explains contemporary museums from the whole gamut of user experiences, whether users are preserving art, creating an exhibit, visiting, or part of institutions that use the architecture for branding. Fourteen museums from the United States, Europe, China, and Australia represent new construction, repurposed buildings, and additions, offering examples for most museum design situations. Each is examined using interviews with key stakeholders, photographs, and analyses of press coverage to identify lessons from the main user groups. User groups vary from project to project depending on conditions and context, so each of the four parts of the book features a summary of the users and issues in that section for quick reference. The book concludes with a practical, straightforward lessons-learned summary and a critical assessment of twenty-first-century museum architecture, programming, and expectations to help you embark on a new building design. Architects, architecture students, museum professionals, and aficionados of museum design will all find helpful insights in these lessons and critiques.
This book arose from a need to understand one of late nineteenth century Boston’s most prominent buildings, the Chestnut Hill High Service Pumping Station, now the Metropolitan Waterworks Museum. It considers how such a municipally designed, high-style, Richardsonian Romanesque, yet also industrial, building came into existence. Arthur H. Vinal and Edmund March Wheelwright, its two architects working a decade apart, in 1884-88 and 1898-99 respectively, left a seamlessly unified building. They were never partners nor colleagues. But almost sequentially, in 1884-88 and 1891-95 respectively, each was given charge of the same large municipal architectural office. Each also began his professional career, again almost in sequence, with same important firm, Peabody & Sterns, after which each left Boston for a few years before returning. Wheelwright and Vinal came from different backgrounds and arguably had differing sensibilities. Vinal’s generally preferred style as City Architect was Richardsonian Romanesque — a mode Wheelwright never employed, except when extending Vinal’s Chestnut Hill Pumping Station. Remarkably, the written record suggests these two architects had no other connections, despite having both practiced, throughout their careers, in the guild-like world of Boston’s late-nineteenth to early-twentieth century architectural profession. They only had in common the Chestnut Hill High Service Pumping Station and the distinction of having been, for approximately four highly productive years each, Boston’s City Architect. There has been no previous study of either architect’s work. In Vinal’s case, except for his time as City Architect, his career and life left a scant written record. Almost none of his work was published. It is primarily known to us through municipal records, advertisements for constructor bids, and occasional references in newspaper articles. Other than his term as City Architect, which produced the major portion of the Chestnut Hill Pumping Station and a remarkable number of municipal buildings in a short time, his career was little different from those of many other successful, now largely forgotten, architects who contributed to the fabric of an expanding metropolitan Boston during its so called Golden Age from the Civil War through the First World War. Most of what he produced was conservative, well constructed row housing plus some multi-story buildings containing the then still novel “French flats.” In contrast, Wheelwright’s work was published. He was active and well respected at the highest levels of the profession, locally and nationally. Far more is known of his life and practice. Even in the relatively conservative milieu of metropolitan Boston, his work could not generally be called dramatic, although there were exceptions. Rather than simply representing an aesthetic exercise, his architecture was also informed by his predisposition to political and social reform. Perhaps as a result, while not unknown, he has not received the attention he deserves. The present study for the most part tells its stories visually. It is heavily illustrated. In addition to Vinal and Wheelwright, a third actor is touched upon, that is the City Architect’s Office, with its patronage and professional practice, and its evolution over the two decades — having been initially created as a good government reform in 1874 and finally abolished with, Wheelwright's support, for similar reasons in 1895. Without it, neither architect could have designed and built the prodigious number of buildings credited to them during their tenures. Lastly, this volume includes an attempt to produce catalogs raisonné of Vinal’s and Wheelwright’s known bodies of work — which, in each case, research for this study has significantly expanded.
... The show's thoughtful, well-written, lavishly illustrated catalog should become the instant classic on Cleveland art. -- The Cleveland Plain Dealer
Lake Effects is a history of urban policy making in the large Midwestern industrial city of Cleveland, Ohio. Urban policy making requires goal setting in four critical areas: economic development, urban growth, services, and wealth redistribution. Ronald Weiner shows how urban policy was conceived and implemented by the local governing elites, or regimes, between 1825 and 1929. Each regime-Merchant, Populist, Corporate, and Realty-set policy goals in the four areas; set priorities among the goals; and used their power, public and private, to guide the city toward these ends. Each regime dominated policy making for at least twenty years, and the successes and failures of each regime contribute to our understanding of how Cleveland became the city that it is today. The successes of the Merchant Regime's economic development policy made Cleveland's industrialization possible. The urban growth policy of the Corporate Regime built the downtown civic center and University Circle. However, the Populist, Corporate, and Realty regimes' failures to plan for Cleveland's economic future helped set in motion the declining economic fortunes so harshly in evidence today, and the triumph of the expansionist Realty Regime's urban growth policy promoted heedless suburban development at the expense of the central business district and inner city. Book jacket.