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Introduction and background; Characterization of environments; Nutrient balances; Managing organic matter; Nutrient x water interactions; Soil physical constraints and nutrient availability; Germplasm for nutrient efficiency.
Rice is the major staple food in Asia, and food security means rice security for most Asians. By the year 2025, we need to produce about 60% more rice than we do today to meet the growing demand. Efficient use of inputs is vital to safely produce the additional food from limited resources with minimal impact on the environment. This book reviews emerging knowledge-intensive technologies and decision aids for improved nutrient management in rice, technology adoption constraints at the farm level, and innovative approaches for field evaluation and promotion of new technologies to farmers. It is highly useful to rice scientists and development workers, students of agronomy, soil science, and plant nutrition, and crop consultants and extension workers in rice all over the world.
By 1876, the year Abraham Browning christened New Jersey the Garden State, South Jersey was already renowned as a leader in the farming industry, supplying the region with everything from apples to zucchini. It was here that Dr. T. B. Welch produced the grape juice that remains a favorite today, Elizabeth White first cultivated the blueberry, Seabrook Farms became the birthplace of frozen vegetables, Campbell Soup and others canned vegetable-fueled foods, and a colonel transformed the tomato's reputation from deadly to delectable. South Jersey Farming pays tribute to this rich agricultural past.
This report is a contribution to an assessment of the current status of agriculture in Cambodia, focusing on the linkages between agriculture and water, mainly in the form of irrigation. It seeks to view current government policies on agriculture and irrigation in the context of experiences on the ground, as communicated through the many field studies that cover varied aspects of performance in the agriculture sector and irrigation schemes. In an effort to identify future research areas, this review examines the status quo, and connects or disconnects with stated policy through a broad lens to capture strengths and challenges across crop production, irrigation management and post-harvest contexts. It places irrigation under scrutiny in terms of its value as a major area of government expenditure in recent years, and asks whether it presents the best potential for future gains in productivity, when compared with the prospects offered by investments in other aspects of agriculture. The fieldwork and review of current literature that form the basis of this report were undertaken at the request of, and partly funded by, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR). It is also intended to contribute knowledge to the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS) led by WorldFish, who co-funded the activities.
Sharing the responsibility; Using biodiversity to manage pests; Sharing the seeds; Beyond rice: wide crosses broaden the gene pool; Teaching people to save seeds; Delivering diversity to the field; Partners in rainfed rice breeding; Cultural diversity through genetic diversity; The geometry of rice; Program highlights; Irrigated rice; Rainfed lowland rice; Upland rice; Flood-prone rice; Cross-ecosystems research; Conserving and promoting genetic diversity; Information and knowledge exchange; Training; Strengthening international partnerships; Finance and administration; IRRI board of trustees, 1998; Internationally and nationally recruited staff, 1997; Institutions collaborating with IRRI; Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research.
The main objective of this book is to integrate environmental knowledge observed in local agriculture, based on the understanding of soils science and ecology, and to propose possible technical solutions and a more integrated approach to tropical agriculture. The chapters describe and analyze the ecological and technical countermeasures available for mitigating environmental degradation due to the increasing agricultural activities by humans, based on our scientific understanding of traditional agriculture in the tropics. This is an effective approach, as such ecological and technical tools previously involved in traditional activities are expected to be easily incorporated into present agricultural systems. The book starts with a rather classical pedological issue and analyzed traditional agricultural practices with different resource management strategies in terms of their modification of natural biological processes. It focuses on the present situation of tropical agriculture; that is, resource utilization in modern agriculture after application of technical innovation (increased application of chemical fertilizers as well as agricultural chemicals). Here, possible technical approaches to resource management that reasonably support agricultural production whilst mitigating environmental degradation are discussed. The negative impacts of agricultural development on our environment are rapidly growing, yet we are increasingly dependent on the agricultural sector for food and energy. The situation is similar in the tropics, where subsistence agriculture with low input management has long comprised most agricultural systems. Comparison of ecological and/or agronomical studies between different continents are still rare; therefore, this analysis may help clarify what is an essential problem when considering technical transportation beyond continents and/or between temperate and tropical regions.
Rice in the Cambodian economy: past and present; Topography, climate, and rice production; Soils and rice; Rice-based farming systems; Rice ecosystems and varieties; Pest management in rice; Farm mechanization; Capture and culture ricefield fisheries in Cambodia; Constraints to rice production and strategies for improvement.