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Due to an increase in the wide-range of chemicals in petrochemical processing industries, as well as frequency of use, there has been a steady rise in flammability problems and other hazards. Hazardous Area Classification in Petroleum and Chemical Plants: A Guide to Mitigating Risk outlines the necessities of explosion protection in oil, gas and chemical industries, and discusses fire and occupancy hazards, extinguishing methods, hazard identification, and classification of materials. This book addresses these issues and concerns and presents a simple hazard identification system to help offset future problems. It offers information on the hazards of various materials and their level of severity as it relates to fire prevention, exposure, and control. The system provides an alerting signal and on-the-spot information to help protect lives in an industrial plant or storage location during fire emergencies. Understanding the hazard helps to ensure that the process equipment is properly selected, installed, and operated to provide a safe operating system. This text also includes a summary of the rules, methods, and requirements for fighting a fire, introduces various hazard identification systems. • Includes a summary of the rules, methods, and requirements needed to extinguish a fire • Introduces various hazard identification systems • Includes concepts for layout and spacing of equipment in process plants The book serves as resource for plant design engineers as well as plant protection and safety personnel in planning for effective firefighting operations.
The Health and Safety at Work Act, together with current and impending EU Directives, obliges those responsible for hazardous areas, those who work in such areas and those who supply equipment for use in such areas to demonstrate that they have taken all necessary and reasonable steps to prevent fires and explosions. This book addresses these issues, seeks to explain the ever increasing complexity of standards and codes pertaining to this field and describes their method of application and the application of other procedures to assist those involved. - The only book which provides comprehensive cover of this vital area - Written by a leading Internationally recognised UK authority in this field
The Third Edition of this best-selling text continues to familiarize electricians with the intricate details of performing electrical installations in hazardous locations. Intended to serve as a general reference on the classes, groups, and divisions of hazardous locations, the text provides users with a comprehensive introduction to what hazardous locations are and are not, before progressing to more complex topics such as the requirements for equipment protection systems, protection against ignition from static electricity and lightning, and NEC? compliance. Completely updated, Electrical Installations in Hazardous Locations, Third Edition now includes information on the availability of new technology, as well as the latest national and international codes and standards.
A virtual encyclopaedia of electrical safety, this latest edition features a new structure. The author has rewritten and re-ordered the chapters, to better reflect today's perspective or to clarify the presentation. The book now also places greater emphasis on work outside North America.
This book mainly introduces an essential safety concept and procedure for electrical engineering in oil and gas field. It begins by providing broad guidelines for performing electrical safety and operability review (ELSOR), giving reader a general overview of the field. It subsequently verifies electrical distribution, overhead line and hazardous area classification safety analysis together with comparison of different international codes and standards with China national codes, to interpret different safety concepts from different countries for electrical engineering in oil and gas field. This unique and complete co-design safety analysis will greatly benefit international electrical engineers and operators of oil and gas fields. This book is with vivid flow chart, accurate table expressing the analysis logic method and exact illustrations of code and standard of different country and area. This book stresses the electrical design safety for surface facilities of oil and gas oil field and will benefit to engineer who works with oil and gas field surface facilities engineering.
The degree of danger in the atmosphere of a hazardous location needs to be determined prior to selecting an acceptable electrical equipment installation. If maximum safety is the predominant factor in determining the type of electrical installations, the cost of electrical equipment will be extremely high. If low cost of electrical installation is the predominant factor, safety to personnel and equipment may be unacceptably low. It is, therefore, necessary to find a point of balance at which the cost and safety requirements are both satisfied and acceptable. In nine out of ten cases, a hazardous location is classified much too conservatively. The reason for this conservative approach is a lack of knowledge and a misunderstanding of the actual concept of safety and danger. This book provides an in-depth understanding of the factors that influence the classification of a hazardous location. One factor, in combination with one or more other factors, will have an impact on the level of danger and its hazardous boundaries. These factors and their influences are explained in detail, and once their impact is understood, the classification of a hazardous location becomes a straightforward procedure.
This book makes Hazardous or Electrical Area Classification simple. In plants processing flammable materials, every effort is made to avoid the escape of such materials and in addition, stringent measures are taken to exclude sources of ignition. A complex array of standards surround this topic which has lead to an overly conservative approach being taken. This type of approach means that much more expensive electrical apparatus than is necessary is installed.To avoid this unnecessary expenditure, Dr Groh clearly explains the relevant standards, so that accurate assessment of the risks associated with hazardous areas is possible. He also identifies possible ignition sources and methods of designing apparatus which do not cause sparks thereby maintaining safety.* Covers must-have information regarding IEC/CENELEC standards in electrical or hazardous area classification* Provides a clear overview of a complex area
This book provides the reader with an understanding of the hazards involved in using electrical equipment in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres. It is based on the newly adopted international IEC79 Series of Standards that are now harmonizing and replacing older national Standards. Explosion-proof installations can be expensive to design, install and operate. The strategies and techniques described in this book can significantly reduce costs whilst maintaining plant safety. The book explains the associated terminology and its correct use - from Area Classification through to the selection of explosion-protected electrical apparatus, describing how protection is achieved and maintained in line with these international requirements. The IEC standards require that engineering staff and their management are trained effectively and safely in Hazardous Areas, and this book is designed to help fulfill that need. A basic understanding of instrumentation and electrical theory would be of benefit to the reader, but no previous knowledge of hazardous area installation is required.*An engineer's guide to the hazards and best practice for using electrical equipment in Potentially Explosive Atmospheres.*Fully in line with the newly adopted international standards, the IEC79 series.*Clear explanations of terminology and background information make this the most accessible book on this subject.