Download Free Clarifying The Relationship Between Schizophrenia And Violence In The Macarthur Study Book in PDF and EPUB Free Download. You can read online Clarifying The Relationship Between Schizophrenia And Violence In The Macarthur Study and write the review.

The overwhelming consensus in the literature indicates that individuals with schizophrenia are at greater risk for violence than the general population. However, violence is a complex social phenomenon and individuals with schizophrenia are a heterogeneous group, which has occasionally led to conflicting findings. Numerous risk and protective factors have been implicated in the relationship between schizophrenia and violence. Undoubtedly, the most prominent risk factor for violence in this population is substance abuse. Some researchers have even argued that substance abuse accounts for the entirety of the elevated violence risk found in patients with severe mental illness. Most notably, researchers involved with the MacArthur Violence Risk Assessment Study concluded that after controlling for substance abuse, patients with severe mental illness engaged in similar amounts of violence as the general population (Steadman et al., 1998). Yet considerable research has shown that substance abuse is highly associated with treatment nonadherence. Moreover, treatment nonadherence has been found to be significantly associated with violence. Therefore, the conclusions gleaned from the highly influential MacArthur Study are likely to be an oversimplification of the causes of violence. This study conducted a reanalysis of the data from the MacArthur study, with an emphasis on the independent contributions of substance abuse and treatment adherence on violence. After controlling for substance abuse, treatment adherence continued to be a protective factor for violence. Additionally, an interaction effect was observed between substance abuse and treatment adherence, which displayed that patients who abused substances and were treatment nonadherent were the most violent group of patients. Patients were also categorized based on the type of treatment received and analyses revealed that patients that participated in combination medication and talk therapy were less likely to be violent than patients that participated in medication treatment only. These findings highlight the importance of defining the specific type of treatment and measuring treatment adherence when evaluating the relationship between mental illness, substance abuse, and violence. Lastly, commentary is provided on the inherent difficulties with research on broad and heterogeneous categories with implications for future research.
In Committed, psychiatrists Dinah Miller and Annette Hanson offer a thought-provoking and engaging account of the controversy surrounding involuntary psychiatric care in the United States. They bring the issue to life with first-hand accounts from patients, clinicians, advocates, and opponents. Looking at practices such as seclusion and restraint, involuntary medication, and involuntary electroconvulsive therapy--all within the context of civil rights--
The new edition of this popular handbook has been thoroughly updated to include the latest data concerning treatment of first-episode patients. Drawing from their experience, the authors discuss the presentation and assessment of the first psychotic episode and review the appropriate use of antipsychotic agents and psychosocial approaches in effective management.
Schizophrenia is a rare but complex psychiatric disorder which can have adverse effects on cognition, emotion and behaviour. The relationship between schizophrenia and crime has been the subject of voluminous research over the past century, but remains the subject of clinical and academic debate. This research thesis sought to clarify the relationship between schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and criminal violence, taking into account the role of co-morbid substance use-disorders. This information is important not only for the mental health workers who treat and manage schizophrenia-spectrum patients, but also for police officers who often serve on the 'frontline' between the mental health and criminal justice systems. A robust case-linkage methodology was adopted, linking information contained in state-wide mental health and criminal records databases to compare patterns of criminality between schizophrenia-spectrum patients and community controls. The schizophrenia sample comprised all persons diagnosed with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder in the Victorian public mental health system in the years 1975, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2000, and 2005. The control sample was a randomly selected group of Victorians who had never been diagnosed with a schizophrenia-spectrum disorder. This thesis comprised three related empirical studies. The first study characterised the public mental health system in the Australian state of Victoria, a jurisdiction of approximately 5.5 million citizens. The results indicated that the public mental health system is under significant demand from the community, with many people contacting services for reasons other than psychiatric illness. It was found that the majority of intensive public mental health services are accessed by patients with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, confirming these disorders as having high treatment needs. The study also used contact with the public mental health system to approximate lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia, and found it to be remarkably consistent with national and international estimates over the past century (0.7%). This indicated that schizophrenia, although a relatively rare disorder, has some degree of temporal stability. The second empirical study compared criminal and violent offending in 4,168 schizophrenia-spectrum disorder patients with a randomly selected control sample of 4,641 individuals without schizophrenia. Schizophrenia-spectrum patients were significantly more likely than the community controls to have committed both violent and non-violent crimes, even if they did not have a known co-morbid substance-use disorder. However, the risk of violence was particularly high in those patients with co-morbid substance misuse. The schizophrenia-spectrum patients were also more likely to be involved in family violence incidents attended by police, and to have intervention orders taken out against them. The third empirical study was the first to compare official rates of crime victimisation between schizophrenia-spectrum patients and community controls. Contrary to expectations, the schizophrenia sample had a lower overall rate of crime victimisation than the community controls. However, they were significantly more likely than controls to be affected by family violence and to have a record of physical or sexual crime victimisation, highlighting the unique vulnerabilities of this population. Taken together, this research confirmed that the majority of people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are neither violent nor criminal. However, it also demonstrated that in comparison to the general population, people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders are statistically more likely to experience violent crime, both as perpetrators and victims. Thus, in this era of deinstitutionalisation, people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders should be seen as an at-risk population with unique needs and vulnerabilities. Implications of the results for police, mental health workers, patients, and the general community are considered.
The patient interview is at the heart of psychiatric practice. Listening and interviewing skills are the primary tools the psychiatrist uses to obtain the information needed to make an accurate diagnosis and then to plan appropriate treatment. The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology and the Accrediting Council on Graduate Medical Education identify interviewing skills as a core competency for psychiatric residents. The Psychiatric Interview: Evaluation and Diagnosis is a new and modern approach to this topic that fulfils the need for training in biopsychosocial assessment and diagnosis. It makes use of both classical and new knowledge of psychiatric diagnosis, assessment, treatment planning, and doctor–patient collaboration. Written by world leaders in education, the book is based on the acclaimed Psychiatry, Third Edition, by Tasman and Kay et al., with new chapters to address assessment in special populations and formulation. The psychiatric interview is conceptualized as integrating the patient’s experience with psychological, biological, and environmental components of the illness. This is an excellent new text for psychiatry residents at all stages of their training. It is also useful for medical students interested in psychiatry and for practicing psychiatrists who may wish to refresh their interviewing skills.
This book offers a clear, up-to-date, comprehensive, and theoretically informed introduction to criminal psychology, exploring how psychological explanations and approaches can be integrated with other perspectives drawn from evolutionary biology, neurobiology, sociology, and criminology. Drawing on examples from around the world, it considers different types of offences from violence and aggression to white-collar and transnational crime, and links approaches to explaining crime with efforts to prevent crime and to treat and rehabilitate offenders. This revised and expanded second edition offers a thorough update of the research literature and introduces several new features, including: detailed international case studies setting the scene for each chapter, promoting real-world understanding of the topics under consideration; a fuller range of crime types covered, with new chapters on property offending and white-collar, corporate, and environmental crime; detailed individual chapters exploring prevention and rehabilitation, previously covered in a single chapter in the first edition; an array of helpful features including learning objectives, review and reflect checkpoints, annotated lists of further reading, and two new features: ‘Research in Focus’ and ‘Criminal Psychology Through Film’. This textbook is essential reading for upper undergraduate students enrolled in courses on psychological criminology, criminal psychology, and the psychology of criminal behaviour. Designed with the reader in mind, student-friendly and innovative pedagogical features support the reader throughout.
Perhaps never before has an objective, evidence-based review of the intersection between gun violence and mental illness been more sorely needed or more timely. Gun Violence and Mental Illness, written by a multidisciplinary roster of authors who are leaders in the fields of mental health, public health, and public policy, is a practical guide to the issues surrounding the relation between firearms deaths and mental illness. Tragic mass shootings that capture headlines reinforce the mistaken beliefs that people with mental illness are violent and responsible for much of the gun violence in the United States. This misconception stigmatizes individuals with mental illness and distracts us from the awareness that approximately 65% of all firearm deaths each year are suicides. This book is an apolitical exploration of the misperceptions and realities that attend gun violence and mental illness. The authors frame both pressing social issues as public health problems subject to a variety of interventions on individual and collective levels, including utilization of a novel perspective: evidence-based interventions focusing on assessments and indicators of dangerousness, with or without indications of mental illness. Reader-friendly, well-structured, and accessible to professional and lay audiences, the book: * Reviews the epidemiology of gun violence and its relationship to mental illness, exploring what we know about those who perpetrate mass shootings and school shootings. * Examines the current legal provisions for prohibiting access to firearms for those with mental illness and whether these provisions and new mandated reporting interventions are effective or whether they reinforce negative stereotypes associated with mental illness. * Discusses the issues raised in accessing mental health treatment in regard to diminished treatment resources, barriers to access, and involuntary commitment.* Explores novel interventions for addressing these issues from a multilevel and multidisciplinary public health perspective that does not stigmatize people with mental illness. This includes reviews of suicide risk assessment; increasing treatment engagement; legal, social, and psychiatric means of restricting access to firearms when people are in crisis; and, when appropriate, restoration of firearm rights. Mental health clinicians and trainees will especially appreciate the risk assessment strategies presented here, and mental health, public health, and public policy researchers will find Gun Violence and Mental Illness a thoughtful and thought-provoking volume that eschews sensationalism and embraces serious scholarship.
Authored by over 500 internationally acclaimed expert editors and chapter authors from around the world. Completely updated and expanded with almost 40 new chapters. Significantly increased attention to the role of culture in all aspects of evaluation and care. New sections on Digital Mental Health Services and Technologies, Treatment Issues in Specific Populations and Settings, and on Prevention, Systems of Care, and Psychosocial Aspects of Treatment address key advances. This edition is the first comprehensive reference work to cover the entire field of psychiatry in an updateable format, ensuring access to state of the art information. Earlier editions were called “the best current textbook of psychiatry” by the New England Journal of Medicine, and “the gold standard” by the American Journal of Psychiatry. Tasman’s Psychiatry, 5th Edition, builds on the initial vision in prior editions of approaching psychiatric evaluation and care from an integrative bio-psycho-social-cultural perspective. It is designed to be an essential and accessible reference for readers at any level of experience. This editorial approach encompasses the importance of the first encounter between patient and clinician, followed by the complex task of beginning to develop a therapeutic relationship and to develop and implement a treatment plan in collaboration with the patient. The importance of increasing attention to the role of culture and social determinants of mental health is reflected both in specific chapters and in components of many chapters throughout the book, especially in those pertaining to clinical evaluation, the therapeutic alliance, and treatment. The global scope of this edition is reflected throughout the book, including the section on psychiatric disorders where evaluation using both ICD 11 and DSM 5-TR is discussed. Most chapters are authored by experts from at least two different countries or continents, adding a critically important dimension which often is missing in major psychiatric textbooks. Tasman’s Psychiatry, 5th Edition, is an essential reference for all medical professionals and students who need a trusted reference or learning tool for psychiatry, psychology, clinical research, social work, counseling, therapy, and all others.
The presumed link between mental disorder and violence has been the driving force behind mental health law and policy for centuries. Legislatures, courts, and the public have come to expect that mental health professionals will protect them from violent acts by persons with mental disorders. Yet for three decades research has shown that clinicians' unaided assessments of "dangerousness" are barely better than chance. Rethinking Risk Assessment: The MacArthur Study of Mental Disorder and Violence tells the story of a pioneering investigation that challenges preconceptions about the frequency and nature of violence among persons with mental disorders, and suggests an innovative approach to predicting its occurrence. The authors of this massive project -- the largest ever undertaken on the topic -- demonstrate how clinicians can use a "decision tree" to identify groups of patients at very low and very high risk for violence. This dramatic new finding, and its implications for the every day clinical practice of risk assessment and risk management, is thoroughly described in this remarkable and long-anticipated volume. Taken to heart, its message will change the way clinicians, judges, and others who must deal with persons who are mentally ill and may be violent will do their work.