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This report examines the possibilities of vul nerability reduction through long-term changes in urban form and structure, in the light of projected trends in economic and social forces affecting future urban development. Urban decen tralization is likely to continue in the future, and technological change may permit delibera72acceleration of this trend toward sprawling urban regions. Various conceptual and empirical urban forms are reducible to a few basic types. The vulnerability characteristics of the different forms are mixed, but the galaxy and dispersed sheet forms are generally best suited to civil defense purposes. These are similar to the forms that future urban regions are expected to take. A variant of the dispersed sheet form is con sidered the most advantageous; it would provide compact urban communities, separated by extensive open spaces devoted to nonurban land uses, within future metropolitan areas. In addition, efforts to increase the 'hardness' of urban structures are desirable. An increased proportion of high hardness structural types should be encouraged in the building mix. This increase should take the form mainly of high-hardness residential structures dispersed singly or in clusters throughout residential areas. Indirect methods are considered by which progress toward these objectives might be assisted through various on going Federal and state governmental activities. (Author).
"This is an investigation into the most desirable patterns for metropolitan expansion and for the feasibility of the new-town concept"--
This book proposes a new critical relationship between computation and architecture, developing a history and theory of representation in architecture to understand and unleash potential means to open up creativity in the field. Historically, architecture has led to spatial representation. Today, computation has established new representational paradigms that can be compared to spatial representations, such as the revolution of perspective in the Renaissance. Architects now use software, robotics, and fabrication tools with very little understanding and participation in how these tools influence, revolutionize, and determine both architecture and its construction today. Why does the discipline of architecture not have a higher degree of authorship in the conception and development of computational technologies that define spatial representation? This book critically explores the relationship between history, theory, and cultural criticism. Lorenzo-Eiroa positions new understandings through parallel historical sections and theories of many revolutionary representational architecture canons displaced by conventional spatial projection. He identifies the architects, artists, mathematicians, and philosophers that were able to revolutionize their disciplines through the development of new technologies, new systems of representation, and new lenses to understand reality. This book frames the discussion by addressing new means to understand and expand architecture authorship in relation to the survey, information, representation, higher dimensional space, Big Data, and Artificial Intelligence – in the pursuit of activating an architecture of information. This will be important reading for upper-level students and researchers of architecture and architectural theory, especially those with a keen interest in computational design and robotic fabrication.