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This book is based on presentations given at the 2nd IEEE United Kingdom Circuits and Systems (UKCAS 2019) Workshop. It covers several advanced topics in the areas of semiconductor devices, circuits and systems, and energy harvesting; discussing their application in emerging implantable and wearable technologies and IoT. Notable application examples discussed include rapid infectious disease monitoring, in-situ tear fluid analysis, sleep engineering, chronic pain treatment, personalised anti-cancer therapy, foetus and neonate monitoring, monitoring of bone healing, orthopedic implants, magnetomyography and intelligent gesture recognition. Fundamental aspects of these topics are discussed, and state-of-the-art developments are presented.
Master wearable technology with this book including colored images and over 50 activities using Arduino and ESP32, build useful, stylish, and smart wearable devices, and create interactive circuits that react to us and our environment Key Features Learn wearable technology and build electronic circuits with fun activities using Arduino systems Get an in-depth understanding of e-textiles and ESP32 microcontrollers to create interactive wearables Apply a design innovation approach and best practices to address real-world issues Book DescriptionWearable circuits add interaction and purpose to clothing and other wearable devices that are currently widely used in medical, social, safety, entertainment, and sports fields. To develop useful and impressive prototypes and wearables, you’ll need to be skilled in designing electronic circuits and working with wearable technologies. This book takes you on an interesting journey through wearable technology, starting from electronic circuits, materials, and e-textile toolkits to using Arduino, which includes a variety of sensors, outputs, actuators, and microcontrollers such as Gemma M0 and ESP32. As you progress, you’ll be carefully guided through creating an advanced IoT project. You’ll learn by doing and create wearables with the help of practical examples and exercises. Later chapters will show you how to develop a hyper-body wearable and solder and sew circuits. Finally, you’ll discover how to build a culture-driven wearable to track data and provide feedback using a Design Innovation approach. After reading this book, you’ll be able to design interactive prototypes and sew, solder, and program your own Arduino-based wearable devices with a purpose.What you will learn Construct sewable electronic circuits with conductive thread and materials Discover the features of LilyPad, Gemma, Circuit Playground, and other boards Use various components for listening, moving, sensing actions, and visualizing outputs Control ESP32 development boards for IoT exploration Understand why and how to prototype to create interactive wearables Get skilled in sewing and soldering sensors to Arduino-based circuits Design and build a hyper-body wearable that senses and reacts Master a Design Innovation approach for creating wearables with a purpose Who this book is for This book is for electronics engineers, embedded system engineers and designers, and R&D engineers, who are beginners in the wearable technology domain as well as makers and hobbyists who have an interest in creative computing. It will also be useful for teachers, students, and researchers, who are learning interaction design, physical computing, technology, fashion, or arts. Having a basic understanding of Arduino-based systems will help in easily comprehending the contents of the book.
Written by industry experts, this book aims to provide you with an understanding of how to design and work with wearable sensors. Together these insights provide the first single source of information on wearable sensors that would be a valuable addition to the library of any engineer interested in this field. Wearable Sensors covers a wide variety of topics associated with the development and application of various wearable sensors. It also provides an overview and coherent summary of many aspects of current wearable sensor technology. Both industry professionals and academic researchers will benefit from this comprehensive reference which contains the most up-to-date information on the advancement of lightweight hardware, energy harvesting, signal processing, and wireless communications and networks. Practical problems with smart fabrics, biomonitoring and health informatics are all addressed, plus end user centric design, ethical and safety issues. Provides the first comprehensive resource of all currently used wearable devices in an accessible and structured manner Helps engineers manufacture wearable devices with information on current technologies, with a focus on end user needs and recycling requirements Combines the expertise of professionals and academics in one practical and applied source
Explore this indispensable guide covering the fundamentals of IOT and wearable devices from a leading voice in the field Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design delivers a comprehensive exploration of the foundations of the Internet of Things (IoT) and wearable technology. Throughout the textbook, the focus is on IoT and wearable technology and their applications, including mobile health, environment, home automation, and smart living. Readers will learn about the most recent developments in the design and prototyping of these devices. This interdisciplinary work combines technical concepts from electrical, mechanical, biomedical, computer, and industrial engineering, all of which are used in the design and manufacture of IoT and wearable devices. Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design thoroughly investigates the foundational characteristics, architectural aspects, and practical considerations, while offering readers detailed and systematic design and prototyping processes of typical use cases representing IoT and wearable technology. Later chapters discuss crucial issues, including PCB design, cloud and edge topologies, privacy and health concerns, and regulatory policies. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to the applications of IoT and wearable technology, including biomedicine and healthcare, fitness and wellbeing, sports, home automation, and more Discussions of wearable components and technologies, including microcontrollers and microprocessors, sensors, actuators and communication modules An exploration of the characteristics and basics of the communication protocols and technologies used in IoT and wearable devices An overview of the most important security challenges, threats, attacks and vulnerabilities faced by IoT and wearable devices along with potential solutions Perfect for research and development scientists working in the wearable technology and Internet of Things spaces, Fundamentals of IoT and Wearable Technology Design will also earn a place in the libraries of undergraduate and graduate students studying wearable technology and IoT, as well as professors and practicing technologists in the area.
Advances in circuits, sensors, and energy storage elements have opened up many new possibilities in the health industry. In the area of wearable devices, the miniaturization of electronics has spurred the rapid development of wearable vital signs, activity, and fitness monitors. Maximizing the time between battery recharge places stringent requirements on power consumption by the device. For implantable devices, the situation is exacerbated by the fact that energy storage capacity is limited by volume constraints, and frequent battery replacement via surgery is undesirable. In this case, the design of energy-efficient circuits and systems becomes even more crucial. This thesis explores the design of energy-efficient circuits and systems for two medical applications. The first half of the thesis focuses on the design and implementation of an ultra-low-power, mixed-signal front-end for a wearable ECG monitor in a 0.18pm CMOS process. A mixed-signal architecture together with analog circuit optimizations enable ultra-low-voltage operation at 0.6V which provides power savings through voltage scaling, and ensures compatibility with state-of-the-art DSPs. The fully-integrated front-end consumes just 2.9[mu]W, which is two orders of magnitude lower than commercially available parts. The second half of this thesis focuses on ultra-low-power system design and energy-efficient neural stimulation for a proof-of-concept fully-implantable cochlear implant. First, implantable acoustic sensing is demonstrated by sensing the motion of a human cadaveric middle ear with a piezoelectric sensor. Second, alternate energy-efficient electrical stimulation waveforms are investigated to reduce neural stimulation power when compared to the conventional rectangular waveform. The energy-optimal waveform is analyzed using a computational nerve fiber model, and validated with in-vivo ECAP recordings in the auditory nerve of two cats and with psychophysical tests in two human cochlear implant users. Preliminary human subject testing shows that charge and energy savings of 20-30% and 15-35% respectively are possible with alternative waveforms. A system-on-chip comprising the sensor interface, reconfigurable sound processor, and arbitrary-waveform neural stimulator is implemented in a 0.18[mu]m high-voltage CMOS process to demonstrate the feasibility of this system. The sensor interface and sound processor consume just 12[mu]W of power, representing just 2% of the overall system power which is dominated by stimulation. As a result, the energy savings from using alternative stimulation waveforms transfer directly to the system.
Continuous advances in wearables, sensors and smart Wireless Body Area Network technologies have precipitated the development of new applications for on-, in- and body-to-body wearable communications for healthcare and sport monitoring. Progress in this cross-disciplinary field is further influenced by developments in radio communication, protocols, synchronization aspects, energy harvesting and storage solutions, and efficient processing techniques for smart antennas. This book covers various scenarios and solutions using sensor devices and systems for activity recognition and their applications, including wearable communication, smart sensing, RF propagation, and measurement. The authors illustrate conceptual aspects and applications, and provide a new vision in characterising wearable technologies and the need for interoperability. Energy harvesting within wearable solutions is a key issue addressed here as it helps increase energy efficiency and reliability in wearable antennas and sensor devices.
Advanced concepts for wireless technologies present a vision of technology that is embedded in our surroundings and practically invisible. From established radio techniques like GSM, 802.11 or Bluetooth to more emerging technologies, such as Ultra Wide Band and smart dust motes, a common denominator for future progress is the underlying integrated circuit technology. Wireless Technologies responds to the explosive growth of standard cellular radios and radically different wireless applications by presenting new architectural and circuit solutions engineers can use to solve modern design problems. This reference addresses state-of-the art CMOS design in the context of emerging wireless applications, including 3G/4G cellular telephony, wireless sensor networks, and wireless medical application. Written by top international experts specializing in both the IC industry and academia, this carefully edited work uncovers new design opportunities in body area networks, medical implants, satellite communications, automobile radar detection, and wearable electronics. The book is divided into three sections: wireless system perspectives, chip architecture and implementation issues, and devices and technologies used to fabricate wireless integrated circuits. Contributors address key issues in the development of future silicon-based systems, such as scale of integration, ultra-low power dissipation, and the integration of heterogeneous circuit design style and processes onto one substrate. Wireless sensor network systems are now being applied in critical applications in commerce, healthcare, and security. This reference, which contains 25 practical and scientifically rigorous articles, provides the knowledge communications engineers need to design innovative methodologies at the circuit and system level.
This book describes power management integrated circuits (PMIC), for power converters and voltage regulators necessary for energy efficient and small form factor systems. The authors discuss state-of-the-art PMICs not only for battery powered wearable devices, but also energy harvesting-based devices. The circuits presented support voltage scaling to reduce the overall average power consumption of a wearable device, resulting in longer device operating time. The discussion includes many designs, control techniques and approaches to distribute efficiently the power among different blocks in the device. • Demonstrates for readers how to innovate in designing power management integrated circuits (PMIC) suitable for wearable devices, powered by either battery or harvesting energy; • Introduces a dual outputs switched capacitor, using a single voltage regulator to minimize the area overhead and discusses the effect of having more than two outputs on the area and power efficiency; • Introduces a novel clock-less digital LDO regulator that eliminates the use of the clocked comparator and serial shift register in the conventional design; • Presents experimental results of energy harvesting-based power management units (PMU), using different combinations of power converters and voltage regulators, providing a guide for designers to select the appropriate option based on device requirements.
Microwave and Millimeter Wave Circuits and Systems: Emerging Design, Technologies and Applications provides a wide spectrum of current trends in the design of microwave and millimeter circuits and systems. In addition, the book identifies the state-of-the art challenges in microwave and millimeter wave circuits systems design such as behavioral modeling of circuit components, software radio and digitally enhanced front-ends, new and promising technologies such as substrate-integrated-waveguide (SIW) and wearable electronic systems, and emerging applications such as tracking of moving targets using ultra-wideband radar, and new generation satellite navigation systems. Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate. Key Features: Discusses modeling and design strategies for new appealing applications in the domain of microwave and millimeter wave circuits and systems Written by experts active in the Microwave and Millimeter Wave frequency range (industry and academia) Addresses modeling/design/applications both from the circuit as from the system perspective Covers the latest innovations in the respective fields Each chapter treats a selected problem and challenge within the field of Microwave and Millimeter wave circuits, and contains case studies and examples where appropriate This book serves as an excellent reference for engineers, researchers, research project managers and engineers working in R&D, professors, and post-graduates studying related courses. It will also be of interest to professionals working in product development and PhD students.
With contributions from an internationally-renowned group of experts, this book uses a multidisciplinary approach to review recent developments in the field of smart sensor systems, covering important system and design aspects. It examines topics over the whole range of sensor technology from the theory and constraints of basic elements, physics and electronics, up to the level of application-orientated issues. Developed as a complementary volume to ‘Smart Sensor Systems’ (Wiley 2008), which introduces the basics of smart sensor systems, this volume focuses on emerging sensing technologies and applications, including: State-of-the-art techniques for designing smart sensors and smart sensor systems, including measurement techniques at system level, such as dynamic error correction, calibration, self-calibration and trimming. Circuit design for sensor systems, such as the design of precision instrumentation amplifiers. Impedance sensors, and the associated measurement techniques and electronics, that measure electrical characteristics to derive physical and biomedical parameters, such as blood viscosity or growth of micro-organisms. Complete sensor systems-on-a-chip, such as CMOS optical imagers and microarrays for DNA detection, and the associated circuit and micro-fabrication techniques. Vibratory gyroscopes and the associated electronics, employing mechanical and electrical signal amplification to enable low-power angular-rate sensing. Implantable smart sensors for neural interfacing in bio-medical applications. Smart combinations of energy harvesters and energy-storage devices for autonomous wireless sensors. Smart Sensor Systems: Emerging Technologies and Applications will greatly benefit final-year undergraduate and postgraduate students in the areas of electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering, and physics. Professional engineers and researchers in the microelectronics industry, including microsystem developers, will also find this a thorough and useful volume.