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Ciguatera poisoning is a worldwide problem whose impact has serious health and economic ramifications. Ciguatera Seafood Toxins provides an introduction and technical reference for this syndrome, covering topics such as medical approaches to treatment, legal avenues for those who become poisoned, and an overview of the areas where ciguatera is common. Other chapters in the text discuss research issues, such as assay systems for ciguatera, neurological effects of the disease, and light and electron microscopy studies of tissue exposed to ciguatera-type toxins. The book provides comprehensive coverage of the laboratory techniques used in the purification and molecular characterization of the toxins implicated in the disease, as well as a discussion of the genetic variability of one of the causative organisms (Gambierdiscus toxicus) in culture. This is a "must have" book for anyone concerned with ciguatera poisoning and its legal, scientific, and medical consequences.
Eating fish is like playing russian roulette with your life Ciguatoxins are amongst the deadliest mammalian poison known to us, volume for volume, 1000 times more potent than arsenic. THIS FRIGHTENING POISON has been around for centuries - WE ARE NOT INFORMED WHAT IT IS OR MORE IMPORTANTLY, WHAT DO YOU DO ABOUT IT?! MY REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE OF EATING FRESH FISH. I ATE FISH CONTAMINATED WITH CIGUATERA. THIS POISON IS CONSUMED EASILY BUT NEVER GOES AWAY - LONG TERM DISABILITY - LONG TERM PAIN - LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS Ciguatera DAMAGED my life completely; nothing I used to do is possible now.
Phytoplankton blooms, micro-algal blooms, toxic algae, red tides, or harmful algae, are all terms for naturally occurring phenomena that have occurred throughout recorded history. About 300 hundred species of micro algae are reported at times to form mass occurrence, so called blooms. Nearly one fourth of these species are known to produce toxins. Even non-toxic algal blooms can have devastating impacts when they lead to kills of fish and invertebrates by generating anoxic conditions. Some algal species, although non-toxic to humans, can produce exudates that can cause damage to the delicate gill tissues of fish (raphidophytes Chattonella, Heterosigma, and dinoflagellates Karenia, Karlodinium) . Aquatic animals can suffer devastating mortalities, which could lead economical and food losses, and eventually became a food security problem. Of greatest concern to humans are algal species that produce potent neurotoxins that can find their way through shellfish and fish to human consumers where they evoke a variety of gastrointestinal and neurological illnesses (paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), diarrhoeic shellfish poisoning (DSP), neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP), azaspiracid shellfish poisoning (AZP) and ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP)). Worldwide, ciguatoxins are estimated to cause around 50 000 cases of ciguatera fish poisoning annually; neurological effects may last for weeks or even years and one percent of these cases are fatal . Climate change and costal water over enrichment create an enabling environment for harmful algal blooms, which seem to have become more frequent, more intense and more widespread in the past decades.
Eating fish is like playing russian roulette with your life' Ciguatoxins are amongst the deadliest mammalian poison known to us, volume for volume, 1000 times more potent than arsenic. THIS FRIGHTENING POISON has been around for centuries - WE ARE NOT INFORMED WHAT IT IS OR MORE IMPORTANTLY, WHAT DO YOU DO ABOUT IT?! MY REAL LIFE EXPERIENCE OF EATING FRESH FISH. I ATE FISH CONTAMINATED WITH CIGUATERA. THIS POISON IS CONSUMED EASILY BUT NEVER GOES AWAY - LONG TERM DISABILITY - LONG TERM PAIN - LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS Ciguatera DAMAGED my life completely; nothing I used to do is possible now.
This paper provides an extensive review of different aspects of five shellfish-poisoning syndromes (paralytic, diarrhoeic, amnesic, neurologic and azapiracid), as well as one fish-poisoning syndrome (ciguatera fish poisoning), and discusses in detail the causative toxins produced by marine organisms, chemical structures and analytical methods of the toxins, habitat and occurrence of the toxin-producing organisms, case studies and existing regulations. Based on this analysis, risk assessments are carried out for each of the toxins, and recommendations are elaborated to improve the management of these risks in order to reduce the harmful effect of these toxins on public health.