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Since the publication of the first Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes in 1967 the continuous compilation of mammalian karyotypes has become a useful instrument in cytologic and taxonomic studies. Technical advances in preparing mitotic cells from nonmammalian vertebrates have since allowed a better comparison of taxa in fishes, amphibia, reptiles, and birds. In these fields the literature is also widely scat tered; and it has become difficult to survey such information, published as well as unpublished, by nonspecialists. These were among the reasons for the new endeavor of compiling a chromosome atlas for nonmammalian vertebrates. An annual publication is planned with presentation of between 10 and 15 karyotypes from each class. In this second volume, 52 species are presented. For convenience in future colation, the numbering system employs class abbreviations, viz. , P-Pisces, Am-Amphibia, R-Reptilia, and Av-Aves. Within each class, the numbers are necessarily consecutive. In general the karyotypes are laid out following the format employed in An Atlas of Mammalian Chromosomes. Whenever possible both sexes are represented, even though sexual chromosomal dimorphism is not (currently) evident. When the sex chromosomes are known, they are so indicated by conventional nomenclature (XX/XY or ZW /ZZ). In the karyotypes of birds the so-called microchromosomes are grouped together at the end without an attempt at complete enumeration, which is presently impossible. They are usually considered as acrocentrics, but a few are distinctly biarmed.
A guide to handling giant polytene and lampbrush chromosomes, preparing chromatin, visualizing transcription, locating genes on chromosomes, identifing fine-scale polymorphisms on mitotic chromosomes, etc. Covers many specialized chromosome techniques; each method is tested and reproducible and comes with a model protocol. This 2nd Edition has several new sections on recently developed cytological techniques including spreading of synaptonemal complexes from cells in meiotic prophase, banding of mitotic chromosomes with Giemsa and fluorochromes, indirect immunofluorescence, lampbrush chromosomes from Xenopus laevis, and isolation of polytene chromosomes. Also covers new legislation affecting those who work with animal chromosomes.
This book stems from an Advanced Study Institute on Chromo somal Proteins and Gene Expression that was held in Sitges, Spain, on September 17-26, 1984. It would be misleading to call this volume a conference proceedings, however. The ASI was not a conference, but a course with diverse activities, only one of which was a set of major presentations by the lecturers. Indeed, the concept of lecturer was intentionally obscured as we all learned from each other through shorter presentations by other participants and through seminars, poster sessions, and small group discussions. Furthermore, many participants found that exchanging ideas outside organized sessions was among the most rewarding aspects of the course. Some even claimed to have profitably probed the intricacies of nucleosome structure and transcriptional regulation while basking in the sun on the beachl Obviously, it is difficult to catch the flavor of such varied proceedings in a book. (I cannot confirm the incident on the beach, never having found time to set foot there. Such is the fate of the director of a meeting. ) The ASI was judged a success -- and enthusiastically so - by most participants. Not only did we deepen our understanding of our scientific field, we made new friends and learned about scientific and nonscientific aspects of life in other countries and about issues that transcend international boundaries in our complex world. We hope that this volume will be as successful as the course was.
The purpose of the first four volumes of the Handbook of Genetics is to bring together collections of relatively short, authoritative essays or an notated compilations of data on topics of significance to geneticists. Many of the essays will deal with various aspects of the biology of certain species or species groups selected because they are favorite subjects for genetic investigation in nature or the laboratory. Often there will be an encyclo pedic amount of information available on such species, with new papers appearing daily. Most of these will be written for specialists in a jargon that is bewildering to a novice, and sometimes even to a veteran geneticist working with evolutionarily distant organisms. For such readers what is needed is a written introduction to the morphology, life cycle, reproductive behavior, and culture methods for the species in question. What are its particular advantages (and disadvantages) for genetic study, and what have we learned from it? Where are the classic papers, the key bibli ographies, and how does one get stocks of wild type or mutant strains? Lists giving the symbolism and descriptions for selected mutants that have been retained and are thus available for future studies are provided whenever possible. Genetic and cytological maps, mitotic karyotypes, and haploid DNA values are also included when available. Volume 4 deals with certain vertebrate species that have been studied in considerable detail from the standpoint of genetics or molecular cytogenetics. Such data are available for only a relatively few vertebrates.