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The deterioration of reinforced and prestressed concrete structures resulting from the corrosion of the steel reinforcement is a worldwide problem. As long as salt is used for de-icing or structures are built near the coast, chloride will continue to be a primary factor in compromising the durability of a structure. This report deals specifically with the ingress of salt from the environment, which can lead to severe corrosion of reinforcement. It reviews the international state-of-the-art with regard to chloride ingress into concrete and, in particular, considers: - The influence of concreting materials, mix design, curing and environment - methods for the detection of chloride ingress in structures - techniques used for studying chloride ingress
Comprehensive coverage of durability of concrete at both material and structural levels, with design related issues Links two active fields in materials science and structural engineering: the durability processes of concrete materials and design methods of concrete structures Facilitates communication between the two communities, helping to implement life-cycle concepts into future design methods of concrete structures Presents state-of-the-art information on the deterioration mechanism and performance evolution of structural concrete under environmental actions and the design methods for durability of concrete structures Provides efficient support and practical tools for life-cycle oriented structural design which has been widely recognized as a new generation of design philosophy for engineering structures The author has long experience working with the topic and the materials presented have been part of the author's current teaching course of Durability and Assessment of Engineering Structures for graduate students at Tsinghua University The design methods and approaches for durability of concrete structures are developed from newly finished high level research projects and have been employed as recommended provisions in design code including Chinese Code and Eurocode 2
This new edition sets out the fundamental aspects of concrete durability with an emphasis on sustainability and carbon neutrality through performance-based methodologies. Global approaches to managing durability are explained from both a prescriptive and performance viewpoint. Achieving a balance between the interactive factors influencing durability and sustainability is supported by an explanation of the physical and chemical phenomena at play, determination of key performance parameters by mathematical modelling and physical testing, and current guidance for good practice. New chapters and sections examine the holistic approach to durability and significant aspects of traditional and new cementitious systems. The full range of threats to durability are covered in this single volume, including reinforcement corrosion, carbonation, chloride ingress, freeze-thaw effects, sulfate attack, acid and seawater attack, alkali-aggregate reaction, cracking, abrasion, erosion, cavitation, and weathering. The book presents a framework for specification through internationally adopted codes and standards and summarises the background to probabilistic approaches to durability design, providing a state-of-the-art review of mathematical modelling of deterioration mechanisms along with current directions in test methods for performance-based specifications. Fundamentals of Durable Reinforced Concrete is an essential reference on concrete durability for specifiers and researchers and is also accessible to undergraduate students.
This book is the most comprehensive and flexible theory of chloride ingress in concrete to date. Based on test results and field observations, the book demonstrates the easy application of this theory to practice. The information is presented in a clear style with each chapter containing an introduction, technical applications and examples, and a final section covering the mathematics behind the theory, to enable the reader to obtain a deeper insight into the subject. Primarily aimed at practising engineers engaged in analysis and design of concrete structures exposed to a chloride laden environment, this book is also a useful reference for mathematicians and engineering students.
Chloride ingress in reinforced concrete induces corrosion and consequent spilling and structural weakness, and it occurs world-wide and imposes an enormous cost. Yet it can be resisted by using test methods and relevant models for service life prediction.Resistance of Concrete to Chloride Ingress sets out current understanding of chloride transport
Essentials of Offshore Structures: Framed and Gravity Platforms examines the engineering ideas and offshore drilling platforms for exploration and production. This book offers a clear and acceptable demonstration of both the theory and application of the relevant procedures of structural, fluid, and geotechnical mechanics to offshore structures. It
This work gives an overview of significant research from recent years concerning performance-based design and quality control for concrete durability and its implementation. In engineering practice, performance approaches are often still used in combination with prescriptive requirements. This is largely because, for most durability test methods, sufficient practical experience still has to be gained before engineers and owners are prepared to fully rely on them. This book, compiled by RILEM TC 230-PSC, is intended to assist efforts to successfully build the foundation for the full implementation of performance-based approaches through the exchange of relevant knowledge and experience between researchers and practitioners worldwide.
Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
Reinforced concrete has the potential to be very durable and capable of withstanding a variety of adverse environmental conditions. However, failures in the structures do still occur as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion. In this authoritative book the fundamental aspects of this complex process are analysed; focusing on corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and looking particularly, at new scientific and technological developments.Monitoring techniques, including the newly developed online-monitoring, are examined, as well as the numerical methods used to simulate corrosion and perform parameter studies. The influence of composition and microstructure of concrete on corrosion behaviour is explored. The second half of the book, which deals with corrosion prevention methods, starts with a discussion on stainless steels as reinforcement materials. There are comprehensive reviews of the use of surface treatments and coatings, of the application of corrosion inhibitors and of the application of electrochemical techniques. In each case the necessary scientific fundamentals are explained and practical instances of use are looked at. This is an invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete. - Fundamental aspects of corrosion in concrete are analysed in detail - Explores how to minimise the effects of corrosion in concrete - Invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete
Concrete has clearly emerged as the most economical and durable material for the building of the vast majority of marine structures. Reinforced concrete too has overcome the technological problems making it a suitable material for the construction of advanced marine structures such as offshore drilling platforms, superspan bridges and undersea tunn