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During the last two centuries, the job of policing in Britain has been transformed several times. This book analyses the ways that police institutions have controlled the individual constable on the 'front line'. The eighteenth-century constable was an independent artisan: his successor in the Metropolitan Police and other 'new' forces was ferociously disciplined and closely monitored. Police have been controlled by a variety of different practices, ranging from direct day-to-day input from 'the community', through bureaucratic systems built around exacting codes of rules, to the real-time control of officers via radio, and latterly the use of centralised computer systems to deliver key information. Police forces became pioneers in the adoption of many technologies – including telegraphs, telephones, office equipment, radio and computers – and this book explains why and how this happened, considering the role of national security in the adoption of many of these innovations. It will be of use to a range of disciplines, including history, criminology, and science and technology studies.
Originally published in 1998, this handbook describes the statutes and cases that defined the governance, control and authority of the provincial police forces in England and Wales at the time. For many years the complexity and range of these legal authorities had caused misunderstandings and doubt when differing aspects of police activities had been questioned. To clarify the law a major step was taken in the enactment of the Police Act 1996. The consolidating Act brought together most of the existing statutory provisions regarding the governance of police forces. However, since about 1980, a number of other factors relevant to the powers and control of the police had emerged, most notably: Increased civil litigation had led to a number of cases defining the civil liability of the police; Increased use of judicial review procedures with consequent case decisions defining police powers in particular circumstances; Greater centralisation in police policies together with the Home Secretary’s control of finance and other matters; Increased police use of sophisticated technology for record keeping and surveillance purposes; The involvement of the security service in an anti-criminal role. The book (which includes illustrative charts) covers many complex legal issues. It has been written in a plain non-legalistic style. It is understandable to non-lawyers. However, for the benefit of practitioners, all statutory and case references are provided so that original materials can be consulted by those needing further information.
Monthly. Lists of new books, pamphlets, official publications, brochures, reports, and journal articles in medicine and allied fields. Also includes forthcoming congresses to be held in Britain and the Commonwealth. No index.
Focusing on a time of profound social and political change, this book offers a detailed and engaging history of policing, covering the key themes of social stability, professionalisation and police reform, as well as the major events between 1974 and 2008 such as the Miners' Strike of 1984.
Each no. contains statistics for each preceding 15 years.
Special constables are warranted officers retained within British constabularies. Wearing similar uniforms, carrying the same personal protective equipment and holding identical powers to enforce the criminal law, special constables are to all intents and purposes indistinguishable from their colleagues in the regular police service. However, very little is documented about the experiences and motivations of special constables, the roles they play in contemporary policing or the impact that they have on the police organisation. This book draws together academics and practitioners to provide a valuable insight into historical, international and contemporary themes pertinent to the historical development and contemporary operation of the special constabulary. The book critically considers the origins of the special constabulary and the political, social and economic factors which led to its evolution over time. It compares and contrasts the organisation, functions and status of the special constabulary with other auxiliary forces, notably from the United States. The book also contributes to theoretical understanding of contemporary policing, to debates about the roles and operation of the 'mixed economy' of provision, and informs policy and practice in the United Kingdom and beyond.
Employing the first analysis of the entire population of any British town, this book examines how overseas migrants affected society and culture in South Shields near Newcastle-upon-Tyne. Resituating Britain within global processes of migration and cultural change, it recasts British society pre-1940 as culturally and racially dynamic and diverse.
This book provides a comprehensive history of police reform, charting its history from its origins in the early 18th century to the most recent examples in the 21st century of the Labour, Coalition and Conservative governments. Each key reform programme is explored in the social, political, and intellectual context of its time, how the necessary legislation was passed, how each programme was implemented, and what its legacy has been. This is the first study that concentrates on the key reforms that shaped the modern police service, their enduring legacies, and their underlying flaws. It is an essential read for police historians, criminologists, police academics, policy makers, and everyone interested in police history.
It has long been a fundamental norm of civilized legal systems that the administration of justice is conducted in full view of the public. This is regarded as particularly important in criminal cases, where the accused is traditionally viewed as possessing the right to a public trial. The rise of the modern media, especially television, has created the possibility of a global audience for high profile cases. Increasingly, however, it is seen that the open conduct of legal proceedings is prejudicial to important values such as the privacy of parties, rehabilitative considerations, national security, commercial secrecy, and the need to safeguard witnesses and jurors from intimidation. In this topical new study, Joseph Jaconelli explores these issues and offers a critical examination, in the context of English law, of the values served by open justice and the tensions that exist between it and other important interests.