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Chemical reactions which can, on demand, be switched on and off are valuable for industrial applications. In order to make the best use ofthese reactions, it is essential to have them readily available for a research chemist. The chemical literature, in general, has not yet identified or grouped such reactions. However, their existence is relatively abundant. This book is meant as a survey ofthose reactions which have potential utility in industrially useful processes. These reactions are grouped under the title ofchemical release reactions which can be triggered by heat, light, electric current, etc., to release a specific compound from, or change in the physical or chemical properties of, a unimolecular reactant. The book is divided into chapters covering ways to trigger the release of certain chemicals. Each chapter is further divided into sections, each beginning with a brief introduction ofanalogies ofthe discussed reactions and of how they were used in reported industrial processes. This survey is not meant to be absolute or exhaustive but rather to be directive, to be as complete as possible, and to provide food for further thought.
Intraspecific communication involves the activation of chemoreceptors and subsequent activation of different central areas that coordinate the responses of the entire organism—ranging from behavioral modification to modulation of hormones release. Animals emit intraspecific chemical signals, often referred to as pheromones, to advertise their presence to members of the same species and to regulate interactions aimed at establishing and regulating social and reproductive bonds. In the last two decades, scientists have developed a greater understanding of the neural processing of these chemical signals. Neurobiology of Chemical Communication explores the role of the chemical senses in mediating intraspecific communication. Providing an up-to-date outline of the most recent advances in the field, it presents data from laboratory and wild species, ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates, from insects to humans. The book examines the structure, anatomy, electrophysiology, and molecular biology of pheromones. It discusses how chemical signals work on different mammalian and non-mammalian species and includes chapters on insects, Drosophila, honey bees, amphibians, mice, tigers, and cattle. It also explores the controversial topic of human pheromones. An essential reference for students and researchers in the field of pheromones, this is also an ideal resource for those working on behavioral phenotyping of animal models and persons interested in the biology/ecology of wild and domestic species.
The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."
The volumes that comprise Chemical Sensitivity are the first major scientific books to be published on chemical sensitivity, a growing world-wide health problem. These volumes present clinical experiences in diagnosing and treating chemical sensitivity in over 20,000 patients under controlled conditions.
This book focuses on fundamentals, technology, synthesis, and characterizations and applied techniques from a practical point of view of coatings. The first three chapters offer a rigorous review of the application of these coatings to corrosion protection in various aerospace and oil and gas industries, and the subsequent chapters present a quick critical review of the state-of-the-art protection techniques of these coatings to novel biomedical applications such as clinical translations and tissue-engineered materials. Environmental, ergonomics, and aesthetic aspects and future perspectives are also explained at the end. Features: Explores the synthesis and application techniques of novel smart coatings in various research areas Presents a concise, critical, and state-of-the-art review of existing research on various types of smart coatings Ascertains the different mechanisms associated with the stimuli response of smart coatings Includes an exclusive chapter on real-time applications in the biomedical field Covers self-healing, self-cleaning, pH balance, early corrosion detection, and triggering mechanisms This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students specifically in smart coatings and thin films and corrosion, including chemical, materials science engineering, industrial and manufacturing engineering, and nanotechnology.
Corrosion Protection at the Nanoscale explores fundamental concepts on how metals can be protected at the nanoscale by using both nanomaterials-based solutions, including nanoalloys, noninhibitors and nanocoatings. It is an important reference resource for both materials scientists and engineers wanting to find ways to create an efficient corrosion prevention strategy. Nanostructure materials have been widely used in many products, such as print electronics, contact, interconnection, implant, nanosensors and display units to lessen the impact of corrosion. Traditional methods for protection of metals include various techniques, such as coatings, inhibitors, electrochemical methods (anodic and cathodic protections), metallurgical design are covered in this book. Nanomaterials-based protective methods can offer many advantages over their traditional counterparts, such as protection for early-stage, higher corrosion resistance, better corrosion control. This book also outlines these advantages and discusses the challenges of implementing nanomaterials as corrosion protection agents on a wide scale. - Explains the main methods of detection, monitoring, testing, measurement and simulation of corrosion at the nanoscale - Explores how metals can be protected at the nanoscale using nanotechnology and nanomaterials - Discusses the major challenges of detecting and preventing corrosion at the nanoscale
Chemical Sensitivity is the first major scientific book series on chemical sensitivity, an increasingly important worldwide health problem. This four-volume series features results from the study of more than 20,000 environmentally sensitive patients at the Environmental Health Center (EHC) in Dallas. Results from the study at EHC are supplemented by information accumulated from the treatment and study of an estimated 100,000 patients by other environmentally oriented physicians and scientists around the world.
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are contaminants of emerging environmental and health concern that have been detected in freshwater, wastewater and drinking water. They interfere with the endocrine system in humans and wildlife, and produce adverse effects such as developmental, reproductive, neurological and immune effects.