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Gas-Solid Reactions describes gas-solid reaction systems, focusing on the four phenomena—external mass transfer, pore diffusion, adsorption/desorption, and chemical reaction. This book consists of eight chapters. After the introduction provided in Chapter 1, the basic components of gas-solid reactions are reviewed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 describes the reactions of individual nonporous solid particles, while Chapter 4 elaborates the reaction of single porous particles. Solid-solid reactions proceeding through gaseous intermediates are considered in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 deals with the experimental approaches to the study of gas-solid reaction systems. How information on single-particle behavior may be used for the design of multiparticle, large-scale assemblies, and packed- and fluidized-bed reaction systems is deliberated in Chapter 7. The last chapter covers the specific gas-solid reaction systems, including some statistical indices indicating the economic importance of the systems and processes it's based on. This publication is recommended for practicing engineers engaged in process research, development, and design in the many fields where gas-solid reactions are important.
This comprehensive and up-to-date handbook on this highly topical field, covering everything from new process concepts to commercial applications. Describing novel developments as well as established methods, the authors start with the evaluation of different oxygen carriers and subsequently illuminate various technological concepts for the energy conversion process. They then go on to discuss the potential for commercial applications in gaseous, coal, and fuel combustion processes in industry. The result is an invaluable source for every scientist in the field, from inorganic chemists in academia to chemical engineers in industry.
Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to chemical looping and combustion. Chapters review the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems, also providing detailed information on the variety of materials and processes that will help to shape the future of CO2 capture ready power plants. - Reviews the fundamental principles, systems, oxygen carriers, and carbon dioxide carriers relevant to calcium and chemical looping - Provides a lucid explanation of advanced concepts and developments in calcium and chemical looping, high pressure systems, and alternative CO2 carriers - Presents information on the market development, economics, and deployment of these systems
This book addresses the science and technology of the gasification process and the production of electricity, synthetic fuels and other useful chemicals. Pursuing a holistic approach, it covers the fundamentals of gasification and its various applications. In addition to discussing recent advances and outlining future directions, it covers advanced topics such as underground coal gasification and chemical looping combustion, and describes the state-of-the-art experimental techniques, modeling and numerical simulations, environmentally friendly approaches, and technological challenges involved. Written in an easy-to-understand format with a comprehensive glossary and bibliography, the book offers an ideal reference guide to coal and biomass gasification for beginners, engineers and researchers involved in designing or operating gasification plants.
Fluidized bed (FB) combustion and gasification are advanced techniques for fuel flexible, high efficiency and low emission conversion. Fuels are combusted or gasified as a fluidized bed suspended by jets with sorbents that remove harmful emissions such as SOx. CO2 capture can also be incorporated. Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification provides an overview of established FB technologies while also detailing recent developments in the field.Part one, an introductory section, reviews fluidization science and FB technologies and includes chapters on particle characterization and behaviour, properties of stationary and circulating fluidized beds, heat and mass transfer and attrition in FB combustion and gasification systems. Part two expands on this introduction to explore the fundamentals of FB combustion and gasification including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, pollutant emission and reactor design and scale up. Part three highlights recent advances in a variety of FB combustion and gasification technologies before part four moves on to focus on emerging CO2 capture technologies. Finally, part five explores other applications of FB technology including (FB) petroleum refining and chemical production.Fluidized bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification is a technical resource for power plant operators, industrial engineers working with fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems and researchers, scientists and academics in the field. - Examines the fundamentals of fluidized bed (FB) technologies, including the conversion of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels - Explores recent advances in a variety of technologies such as pressurized FB combustion, and the measurement, monitoring and control of FB combustion and gasification - Discusses emerging technologies and examines applications of FB in other processes
In this Ph.D. thesis a system of coupled fluidized bed reactors is modelled and simulated dynamically. Chemical Looping Combustion was used as an exemplary process in both the numerical and the experimental part of this work. For the simulation purpose a novel flowsheeting software was used and models for the needed process units developed and integrated into this software. The needed unit models were three interconnected fluidized bed reactors in circulating and bubbling operation conditions, a cyclone for gas-solid separation and loop seals, which ensured solids transport and gas separation between the reactors. Additionally, lab scale experiments on the reactivity of the used solids, oxygen carrier and solid fuels, were conducted and kinetic parameters extracted. All unit models were connected to a process flowsheet and simulated dynamically. The simulation results were compared to experimental data from a 25 kWth pilot plant operated at the university by the author. It could be shown that a detailed and dynamic simulation of the whole process can be carried out over a time period of more than 45 minutes and the experimental results from start-up, steady state operation and shutdown of the plant were predicted accurately.
The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.
Bridging the gap between theory and application, this reference demonstrates the operational mechanisms, modeling, and simulation of equipment for the combustion and gasification of solid fuels. Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operation clearly illustrates procedures to improve and optimize the de
This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.
Officially, the use of biomass for energy meets only 10-13% of the total global energy demand of 140 000 TWh per year. Still, thirty years ago the official figure was zero, as only traded biomass was included. While the actual production of biomass is in the range of 270 000 TWh per year, most of this is not used for energy purposes, and mostly it