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Recently, there has been significant public concern to RF exposure from Smart Meters. Utility companies have even provided Opt-Out options for consumers; however, the question still need to be answered is: Are Smart Meters emitting RF radiation within the prescribed FCC guidelines? Several experimental and simulation studies have been performed by the utility companies, and also supervisory agencies like EPRI, and the CPUC to determine the extent of RF radiation from residential Smart meters. The main goal of this project is to carry out an independent study of RF radiation from residential and workplace Smart Meters, and to compare it with FCC standard, whether it is within the permissible limit or not. The location where this study was performed was at the California State University campus, and also in a residential meter cluster in Folsom. The results give us a better understanding of RF radiation from Smart Meters, and are a valuable tool to planning future Smart meter capabilities such as Home Area Networks (HANs)
"Detection of super-regenerative receivers using their unintended electromagnetic emissions at a significant distance is challenging due to high levels of ambient noise. The evolution of an approach used to solve this problem is chronicled within the three papers that combine to form this dissertation. First, a passive detection method was created for detecting devices based on the characterization of their unintended emissions and utilized a cascading correlation method to confirm detection. Using a simple sine-wave stimulation to modify these unintended emissions produced better results over passive detection techniques by improving the signal quality and the consistency of the unintended emissions, but was still rather limited in extending the reliable detection distance. Additionally, extensive characterization measurements of the target device were required. If the response of the receiver to a stimulation is known, however, a more complex stimulation can be used to embed additional information into the unintended emissions which does not require the previously essential characterization data. For regenerative receivers, an amplitude modulated stimulation generates a corresponding modulation in the unintended emissions of the target device. The receiver may thus be detected from these modulated emissions by calculating the received signal energy and then correlating it with the amplitude of the stimulation. A high correlation indicates the presence of the device. The receiver may be detected even when its emissions are well below the noise floor. Results show that five super-regenerative receivers from three different manufacturers can be detected in a noisy environment to distances of over 100 meters with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 94%"--Abstract, leaf iv
The book describes how interference can be managed so that radio systems co-exist, without harmful mutual effects, within a finite amount of spectrum. This is timely in view of the increasing proliferation of wireless systems. It covers both the processes, such as regional or international coordination, as well as the engineering principles. Written by an author with extensive experience in the industry, it describes in detail the main methodologies for calculating or computing the interference between radio systems of the same type, and also between radio systems of different types
The radio-frequency environment has an obvious and direct influence on the performance of electronic systems that depend upon the transfer of energy through space for their operation. Examples of such systems include radio communications, radio navigation, radar, and commercial AM, FM, and television broadcast systems. Less obvious, but nonetheless significant, is the influence the radio-frequency environment can have on electronic systems that ostensibly do not depend on the transfer of energy through space, for example, the degradation caused by electromagnetic fields generated by citizens band radios, radars, lightning, power lines, and electrostatic discharges on the performance of computers, process control equipments, automotive elec tronics and biomedical instrumentation. The beneficial and deleterious effects of man-made and naturally occurring electromagnetic fields on biological systems, including human beings, although little understood at present, may have more important long-term consequences than upon in the operation of equipment. As the radio-frequency environment evolves with the progression of the electronic age, the necessity to monitor, measure, and characterize it assumes greater importance. The purpose of this book is to provide, in a single self contained volume, the necessary background and methodology needed to execute a survey of the RF environment. We have included representative data on natural and man-made ambients in a variety of settings, wave propagation fundamentals, instrumentation descriptions, survey procedures, and data ana lysis techniques. Much experimental effort has been expended during this century to es tablish an adequate body of knowledge on the radio-frequency environment.
Descriptive information and measured radio frequency radiation characteristics are reported for radio frequency dielectric heaters, garage door openers (superregenerative receivers), a superregenerative converter, a radio frequency diathermy machine, a radio frequency stabilized arc welder and an automobile ignition system. Procedures suitable for FAA use, for measuring the radiation characteristics of dielectric heaters and superregenerative receivers, are reported. (Author).