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For the last 150 years the historiography of the Crusades has been dominated by nationalist and colonialist discourses in Europe and the Levant. These modern histories have interpreted the Crusades in terms of dichotomous camps, Frankish and Muslim. In this revisionist study, Ronnie Ellenblum presents an interpretation of Crusader historiography that instead defines military and architectural relations between the Franks, local Christians, Muslims and Turks in terms of continuous dialogue and mutual influence. Through close analysis of siege tactics, defensive strategies and the structure and distribution of Crusader castles, Ellenblum relates patterns of crusader settlement to their environment and demonstrates the influence of opposing cultures on tactics and fortifications. He argues that fortifications were often built according to economic and geographic considerations rather than for strategic reasons or to protect illusory 'frontiers', and that Crusader castles are the most evident expression of a cultural dialogue between east and west.
A general illustrated account of the history and architecture of Crusader castles.
Castles & Crusades is a fantasy role playing game with countless possibilities. The Players Handbook allows you to take up the sword & shield, to arm yourself as you desire and wander upon planes of your own imaging and plunder the wealth of adventure.
The castles built by the Crusaders, Hospitallers, Venetians and Genoese in Cyprus, Greece, the Aegean, and on the Black Sea served to defend against a complex array of constantly changing threats: Mamluks, Catalan mercenaries, Ottoman Turks, Byzantines, independent Islamic states, Timur-i-Lenk, and widespread piracy, to name but few. The resulting fortifications some inherited from conquered the territories of the former Byzantine empire, some built from scratch were very different to those found in the Middle East. This superbly illustrated book explores their design, development and fate in detail, documenting the rich architectural heritage of this region and its complex history.
Continues Part 1. Beneath the shadows of that ancient and dread place men call Castle Zagyg stands the fortified town of Yggsburgh. Its stout walls and cobbled ways give ample refuge to those bold and worthy adventurers who come to the Four Tors to plunder the dungeon deeps of the Mad Mage or die valiantly in the effort. Binding the walls, are the Urt and Nemo Rivers, whose tumbling waters stretch the length of the lands beyond the Four Tors, Castle Zagyg and Yggsburgh. In these hinterlands are marks of the Mage in such places as the Oldoaks Grove, Glittering Knobs, Uplands and the Lonely Valley. Enter the environs of that most dread of magi, test your metal and make ready for the heroes forge that is Castle Zagyg! Yggsburgh is an introductory setting for Castle Zagyg proper, designed for 4-8 players of mid to low level. Beyond the town proper are detailed over 30 encounter areas. Yggsburgh comprises 1500 square miles of adventuring terrain, complete with all the information players and DMs need.
Once considered fairly tame, the fires of war are being fanned along this frontier region. Raids and plundering confound the settlements near the Blacktooth Ridge. Rumors of the Goblin King and his fearless warriors are beginning to circulate as are whispers of ogres and trolls on the prowl. The call has gone out and the Ridge beckons to all willing to risk life and limb for gold and glory. This Castles & Crusades module is designed for 3-5 characters with a challenge level of 1-2.
North of the Bergruken, upon the broken slopes of the Massif the suns fading brilliance outlines the ancient ruins of the once thriving metropolis of Gaxmoor. The former beacon of Imperial power mysteriously vanished ages ago. Now it has returned, beckoning brave adventurers to explore its ruins and crypts, and to vanquish the chaos and evil that lies within. The Lost City of Gaxmoor is a complete adventure setting that takes characters from levels 1-10. Playable in any home brew setting or in the World of Aihrde! Made in the USA.
The Crusaders that landed in the Middle East in the late-11th century brought with them their own traditions of military architecture, but it was not long before their defensive construction began to reflect a broad array of local influences. Most early Crusader structures were relatively small, and tended to increase the existing natural and defensive features of a site. The basic forms comprised freestanding towers, castra, and hilltop and spur-castles, but urban centres, religious sites and rural dwellings were also fortified. From the 1160s, bigger, stronger and more expensive castles began to appear, in response to developments in Islamic siege weaponry. This title examines the early fortifications erected by the Crusaders in modern-day Israel, the Palestinian territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and south-eastern Turkey.
Throughout their stormy history the Teutonic Knights of Germany have always been the most controversial brotherhood ever to call themselves 'Knights of Christ'.They were the most warlike of the religious orders, and this is reflected in the architecture they left behind. In contrast to the Templars who are remembered for their churches, the Teutonic memorials are the magnificent brick-built castles they built as a result of their conquest of Prussia between 1230 and 1380. Many of these dramatic fortresses still exist today in what is now Poland and provide a unique example of an architectural style that closely reflects the nature of the Order.