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This classic work documents the many uses and ingenious adaptations of wrought iron in architecture, with numerous examples from the fourteenth century through the twentieth centuries. Gerald Geerlings' extensive introduction details the properties of wrought iron; its textures; tools and terms of the trade; architectural applications, design, motifs, and ornamentation; economic considerations; finishing; and more. The author illuminates the history of wrought iron with carefully researched surveys of the craft in several countries, including Italy, Spain, England, Germany, France, Belgium, Holland, and America. Nearly 400 illustrations, including 73 clear drawings and 307 sharply focused photographs of gates, railings, screens, lighting fixtures, bannisters, balconies, door knockers, and other objects, chronicle the evolution of wrought iron as both a structural and decorative material. Special attention is devoted to early-twentieth-century developments and applications of this highly useful metal.
Baltimore was an innovator in the development of cast-iron architecture, but the city's heritage of buildings in this genre, once numbering more than a hundred, has dwindled to only a handful today. The Baltimore region also had a long tradition in iron production, beginning with the colonial era and continuing through the 1950s as Sparrows Point became the single largest steel complex in the world. Baltimore's Cast-Iron Buildings is a celebration of a unique aspect of Baltimore's architectural and industrial history. The authors examine cast-iron buildings in an integrated way to show how the material was fabricated and the buildings erected. They also explore the cast and wrought ironwork used for gates, fences, railings, and ornaments. The heavily illustrated work includes ironwork catalogs from the mid-1800s.
The introduction of iron – and later steel – construction and decoration transformed architecture in the nineteenth century. While the structural employment of iron has been a frequent subject of study, this book re-directs scholarly scrutiny on its place in the aesthetics of architecture in the long nineteenth century. Together, its eleven unique and original chapters chart – for the first time – the global reach of iron’s architectural reception, from the first debates on how iron could be incorporated into architecture’s traditional aesthetics to the modernist cleaving of its structural and ornamental roles. The book is divided into three sections. Formations considers the rising tension between the desire to translate traditional architectural motifs into iron and the nascent feeling that iron buildings were themselves creating an entirely new field of aesthetic expression. Exchanges charts the commercial and cultural interactions that took place between British iron foundries and clients in far-flung locations such as Argentina, Jamaica, Nigeria and Australia. Expressing colonial control as well as local agency, iron buildings struck a balance between pre-fabricated functionalism and a desire to convey beauty, value and often exoticism through ornament. Transformations looks at the place of the aesthetics of iron architecture in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period in which iron ornament sought to harmonize wide social ambitions while offering the tantalizing possibility that iron architecture as a whole could transform the fundamental meanings of ornament. Taken together, these chapters call for a re-evaluation of modernism’s supposedly rationalist interest in nineteenth-century iron structures, one that has potentially radical implications for the recent ornamental turn in contemporary architecture.
In the half century after the building of the Crystal Palace (1851), some architects, engineers, manufacturers and theorists believed that the fusion of iron and ornament would reconcile art and technology and create a new, modern architectural language. This book studies the development of mechanised architectural ornament in iron in nineteenth-century architecture, its reception and theorisation, and the contexts in which it flourished. As such, it offers new ways of understanding the notion of modernity in Victorian architecture.
The first book on the life and work of 19th-century American inventor and entrepreneur James Bogardus, known for his unique grinding mill and other patented devices. However, his enduring claim to fame is his cast-iron structures, forerunners of the modern skyscraper. Modern interest in Bogardus stems from the historic preservation movement. His four surviving buildings in New York are recognized landmarks. Illustrated.
Most extensive, most ambitious, most thoroughly documented primary source of cast-iron architecture in 19th-century America. An architectural classic! 102 plates.
A pictorial examination of cast iron in New Orleans. Cast iron artistry remains an iconic characteristic of New Orleans, familiar to both locals and visitors alike. Beginning with the origins of cast iron, this pictorial study follows its evolution into contemporary times. Ornate illustrations depict the various patterns of cast iron that have been used over the years while photographs portray examples of the artistry throughout the city.
Cast iron flourished during the 19th century in an amazing variety of forms, often of extreme richness of design. This volume surveys cast iron decoration worldwide in over 500 illustrations - specially taken photographs of surviving work supported by reproductions of pattern books and drawings. All national variations are covered, from Victorian Brighton to New Orleans, from Paris and Lisbon to the relics of colonial empire in South Africa, India, Tahiti and Mexico. The author details its relationship to architecture and its aesthetic contribution to buildings.