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Originally published in 1980, this book presents a detailed empirical analysis of the key dimensions of inequality and poverty in Wales, discussing such aspects as the distribution of income and wealth, the housing situation, the functioning of the NHS and urban deprivation. Wales emerges as a country severely disadvantaged in relation to much of the rest of Britain. Moreover, the extent of inequalities within Wales is also striking. In the second part of the book each contributor applies a particular theoretical perspective to an aspect of the situation discussed in the first part. The perspectives adopted are diverse, ranging from Keynesianism, through dual labour markets to dependency theory and Marxist analysis. Each essay emphasises the importance of locating our understanding of poverty and social inequality in the context of the patterns of economic development in Wales and in the functioning of the State apparatus.
This study represents the first systematic attempt to explore the functioning of the policing and criminal justice system in post-devolution Wales. Its particular relevance is underscored by the revelation that Wales has the highest imprisonment rate in western Europe. Drawing on official data as well as extensive interviews with senior figures, this book represents the first systematic exploration of the operation of the justice system in Wales across the jagged edge of devolved and non-devolved functions. There remains little understanding of how the justice system operates in the anomalous circumstances of post-devolution Wales This book aims to fill this gap in understanding and concludes with an assessment of the proposals of the Commission on Justice in Wales for reform.
Equality of opportunity is a contested concept. It evokes strong emotions from proponents and opponents alike. Enduring issues of inequality and discrimination mean that it remains at the forefront of political priorities in the twenty-first century. Traditional analyses tend to focus on developments at the level of the unitary state or European Union. In contrast, this book underlines the salience of multi-level governance and offers the first detailed comparative analysis of contemporary efforts to promote equality of opportunity in the wake of constitutional reform in the UK. It presents a summary of social theory on equalities in relation to gender, and a full range of social groups and identities - such as disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation and age. It outlines the contemporary evidence base relating to patterns and processes of inequality in the 'devolved' nations. A 'governance perspective' is also advanced; one that details how constitutional law establishing the devolved legislatures contains equality clauses that enable and empower government to promote equality in public policy and law. Analysis reveals the development of distinctive regulatory structures and equalities policy lobbies in each territory. Overall, this volume charts the development of divergent legal rights and public policy on the promotion of equality in the wake of constitutional reform in the UK. Notwithstanding ongoing challenges, it is argued that the move to quasi-federalism is significant for it marks a shift from the predominant, centralised administration of social policy witnessed throughout the twentieth century, to divergent approaches designed to address contrasting socio-economic patterns and processes in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
A remarkable compilation of over 400 pages of statistics and records of every match and every player for the Wales national Rugby Union team from the first match in February 1881 up to December 2023.
This consolidation of Wales as a regional/national space of social and economic governance, with increasingly sharp territorial definition has refocused attention on the dynamics of spatial difference within the country. The authors of the book analyse the impact of the changes and the way the Welsh localities stack up against one another, with important conclusions for the economy, policy and governance.
"A guide to the press of the United Kingdom and to the principal publications of Europe, Australia, the Far East, Gulf States, and the U.S.A.
This book examines the development of Welsh devolution in the context of great economic and political uncertainty. Drawing on research carried out over more than a decade, it explores whether Welsh devolution has developed the capacity to resist internal and external pressures and to continue to pursue a distinctive political and policy agenda.
Analyses the current state of minority language policy in Western Europe and provides comprehensive, evidence-based policy recommendations.