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The structural complexity and the synthetic challenges facing glycans have historically hampered efforts to study their multifaceted roles and the application of carbohydrates in drug development. However, in very recent years, new synthetic techniques flanked by the growing knowledge about carbohydrate involvement in physiological and pathological states has spurred renewed interest in the chemistry, biology and therapeutic potentialities of carbohydrates. This book offers an overview of key aspects of carbohydrate biology and chemistry that are fundamental for the design of novel therapeutics. The four-part structure of this book introduces these essential components to life, starting from their structure and biological roles and covering analytical methods and synthesis which pave the way for the development of a wide range of therapeutic applications.Leading experts from around the world are brought together to offer their recent research with the ultimate aim of enlightening the reader on the complex yet exciting field of carbohydrate chemistry. Academic and industrial researchers in structural biology, drug discovery and carbohydrate chemistry will find this book an essential guide to the latest research and future potential of medicinal chemistry.
The process of drug discovery and development is a complex multistage logistics project spanned over 10-15 years with an average budget exceeding 1 billion USD. Starting with target identification and synthesizing anywhere between 10k to 15k synthetic compounds to potentially obtain the final drug that reaches the market involves a complicated maze with multiple inter- and intra-operative fields. Topics described in this book emphasize the progresses in computational applications, pharmacokinetics advances, and molecular modeling developments. In addition the book also contains special topics describing target deorphaning in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, therapy treatment of some rare diseases, and developments in the pediatric drug discovery process.
This unique book covers the latest developments in coupling and decoupling of biomolecules containing functionalized carbohydrate components, being one of the first collections in this important area of applied medicinal chemistry. Connecting molecules, often referred as bio-conjugation, has become one of the most often performed procedures in modern medicinal chemistry. Sometimes, when the connected molecules are not useful anymore, they must be disconnected. The molecules that must be connected (coupled) may belong to both small and large molecules and include such constructs as glycoproteins, glycopeptides and glycans. In this work, more than 15 experts address a comprehensive range of potential and current uses of in vitro and in vivo bio-conjugation methodologies, leading to a variety of glycoconjugates. The analytical aspects of bio-conjugation are also here discussed. Medicinal and organic chemists from graduate level onwards will understand the appeal of this important book.
Indole derivatives are the most common heterocycle compounds present in nature, for this reason, they have been referred to as 'privileged structures'. In fact, many approved drugs — and natural products — belong to this family. Among indole derivatives, oxindoles have a structural complexity, which have stimulated generations of synthetic chemists to design strategies for assembling these structures, and their enantioselective synthesis is still growing.This book proposes to describe the known enantioselective syntheses of oxindole derivatives. It is divided in six chapters each referring to a specific class of asymmetric oxindole derivatives. After the introduction, Chapter 2 describes all-carbon spirooxindoles; Chapter 3, open chain 3,3-dialkyloxindoles; Chapter 4, 3-substituted-3-aminooxindoles; Chapter 5, 3-substituted-3-hydroxyoxindoles; Chapter 6, 3-hetero-3-substituted oxindoles. It will be a useful tool for synthetic chemists, who assemble total synthesis of natural products, as well as for drug discovery chemists either in academic or in industry R&S laboratories.
Chemistry and chemical engineering have changed significantly in the last decade. They have broadened their scopeâ€"into biology, nanotechnology, materials science, computation, and advanced methods of process systems engineering and controlâ€"so much that the programs in most chemistry and chemical engineering departments now barely resemble the classical notion of chemistry. Beyond the Molecular Frontier brings together research, discovery, and invention across the entire spectrum of the chemical sciencesâ€"from fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large-scale chemical processing technology. This reflects the way the field has evolved, the synergy at universities between research and education in chemistry and chemical engineering, and the way chemists and chemical engineers work together in industry. The astonishing developments in science and engineering during the 20th century have made it possible to dream of new goals that might previously have been considered unthinkable. This book identifies the key opportunities and challenges for the chemical sciences, from basic research to societal needs and from terrorism defense to environmental protection, and it looks at the ways in which chemists and chemical engineers can work together to contribute to an improved future.
The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
This book addresses the various classes of privileged scaffolds and covers the history of their discovery and use.
Written by the founder of the field, this is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to structural DNA nanotechnology.
Carbohydrates in Drug Discovery and Development: Synthesis and Applications examines recent and notable developments in the synthesis, biology, therapeutic, and biomedical applications of carbohydrates, which is considered to be a highly promising area of research in the field of medicinal chemistry. Their role in several important biological processes, notably energy storage, transport, modulation of protein function, intercellular adhesion, malignant transformation, signal transduction, viral, and bacterial cell surface recognition formulate the carbohydrate systems to be an exceedingly considerable scaffold for the development of new chemical entities of pharmacological importance. In addition to their easy accessibility, high functionality and chiralpool characteristics are the few additional fascinating structural features of carbohydrates, which further enhance their utilities and thus they have been able to attract chemists and biologists toward harnessing these properties for the past several decades.This book covers an advanced aspect of carbohydrate-based molecular scaffolding, starting with a general introduction followed by a detailed discussion about the impact of diverse carbohydrate-containing molecules of great therapeutic values and their impact on drug discovery and development. The topics covered in this book include the significance of heparin mimetics as the possible tools for the modulation of biology and therapy, chemistry and bioactivities of C-glycosylated compounds, inositols, iminosugars, KDO, sialic acids, glycohybrids, macrocycles, plant oligosaccharides, anti-bacterial and anti-cancer vaccines, antibiotics, and more.
A new focus on glycoscience, a field that explores the structures and functions of sugars, promises great advances in areas as diverse as medicine, energy generation, and materials science, this report finds. Glycans-also known as carbohydrates, saccharides, or simply as sugars-play central roles in many biological processes and have properties useful in an array of applications. However, glycans have received little attention from the research community due to a lack of tools to probe their often complex structures and properties. Transforming Glycoscience: A Roadmap for the Future presents a roadmap for transforming glycoscience from a field dominated by specialists to a widely studied and integrated discipline, which could lead to a more complete understanding of glycans and help solve key challenges in diverse fields.