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Within the subject of topological dynamics, there has been considerable recent interest in systems where the underlying topological space is a Cantor set. Such systems have an inherently combinatorial nature, and seminal ideas of Anatoly Vershik allowed for a combinatorial model, called the Bratteli-Vershik model, for such systems with no non-trivial closed invariant subsets. This model led to a construction of an ordered abelian group which is an algebraic invariant of the system providing a complete classification of such systems up to orbit equivalence. The goal of this book is to give a statement of this classification result and to develop ideas and techniques leading to it. Rather than being a comprehensive treatment of the area, this book is aimed at students and researchers trying to learn about some surprising connections between dynamics and algebra. The only background material needed is a basic course in group theory and a basic course in general topology.
This is the first self-contained exposition of the connections between symbolic dynamical systems, dimension groups and Bratteli diagrams.
This book is an essentially self contained introduction to topological dynamics and ergodic theory. It is divided into a number of relatively short chapters with the intention that each may be used as a component of a lecture course tailored to the particular audience. Parts of the book are suitable for a final year undergraduate course or for a masters level course. A number of applications are given, principally to number theory and arithmetic progressions (through van der waerden's theorem and szemerdi's theorem).
MATRIX is Australia’s international and residential mathematical research institute. It facilitates new collaborations and mathematical advances through intensive residential research programs, each 1-4 weeks in duration. This book is a scientific record of the ten programs held at MATRIX in 2019 and the two programs held in January 2020: · Topology of Manifolds: Interactions Between High and Low Dimensions · Australian-German Workshop on Differential Geometry in the Large · Aperiodic Order meets Number Theory · Ergodic Theory, Diophantine Approximation and Related Topics · Influencing Public Health Policy with Data-informed Mathematical Models of Infectious Diseases · International Workshop on Spatial Statistics · Mathematics of Physiological Rhythms · Conservation Laws, Interfaces and Mixing · Structural Graph Theory Downunder · Tropical Geometry and Mirror Symmetry · Early Career Researchers Workshop on Geometric Analysis and PDEs · Harmonic Analysis and Dispersive PDEs: Problems and Progress The articles are grouped into peer-reviewed contributions and other contributions. The peer-reviewed articles present original results or reviews on a topic related to the MATRIX program; the remaining contributions are predominantly lecture notes or short articles based on talks or activities at MATRIX.
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The book presents surveys describing recent developments in most of the primary subfields ofGeneral Topology and its applications to Algebra and Analysis during the last decade. It follows freelythe previous edition (North Holland, 1992), Open Problems in Topology (North Holland, 1990) and Handbook of Set-Theoretic Topology (North Holland, 1984). The book was prepared inconnection with the Prague Topological Symposium, held in 2001. During the last 10 years the focusin General Topology changed and therefore the selection of topics differs slightly from thosechosen in 1992. The following areas experienced significant developments: Topological Groups, Function Spaces, Dimension Theory, Hyperspaces, Selections, Geometric Topology (includingInfinite-Dimensional Topology and the Geometry of Banach Spaces). Of course, not every important topic could be included in this book. Except surveys, the book contains several historical essays written by such eminent topologists as:R.D. Anderson, W.W. Comfort, M. Henriksen, S. Mardeŝić, J. Nagata, M.E. Rudin, J.M. Smirnov (several reminiscences of L. Vietoris are added). In addition to extensive author and subject indexes, a list of all problems and questions posed in this book are added. List of all authors of surveys: A. Arhangel'skii, J. Baker and K. Kunen, H. Bennett and D. Lutzer, J. Dijkstra and J. van Mill, A. Dow, E. Glasner, G. Godefroy, G. Gruenhage, N. Hindman and D. Strauss, L. Hola and J. Pelant, K. Kawamura, H.-P. Kuenzi, W. Marciszewski, K. Martin and M. Mislove and M. Reed, R. Pol and H. Torunczyk, D. Repovs and P. Semenov, D. Shakhmatov, S. Solecki, M. Tkachenko.
The main topic of the book is amenable groups, i.e., groups on which there exist invariant finitely additive measures. It was discovered that the existence or non-existence of amenability is responsible for many interesting phenomena such as, e.g., the Banach-Tarski Paradox about breaking a sphere into two spheres of the same radius. Since then, amenability has been actively studied and a number of different approaches resulted in many examples of amenable and non-amenable groups. In the book, the author puts together main approaches to study amenability. A novel feature of the book is that the exposition of the material starts with examples which introduce a method rather than illustrating it. This allows the reader to quickly move on to meaningful material without learning and remembering a lot of additional definitions and preparatory results; those are presented after analyzing the main examples. The techniques that are used for proving amenability in this book are mainly a combination of analytic and probabilistic tools with geometric group theory.
The theme of the first Abel Symposium was operator algebras in a wide sense. In the last 40 years operator algebras have developed from a rather special discipline within functional analysis to become a central field in mathematics often described as "non-commutative geometry". It has branched out in several sub-disciplines and made contact with other subjects. The contributions to this volume give a state-of-the-art account of some of these sub-disciplines and the variety of topics reflect to some extent how the subject has developed. This is the first volume in a prestigious new book series linked to the Abel prize.
This book collects the notes of the lectures given at an Advanced Course on Dynamical Systems at the Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona. The notes consist of four series of lectures. The first one, given by Andrew Toms, presents the basic properties of the Cuntz semigroup and its role in the classification program of simple, nuclear, separable C*-algebras. The second series of lectures, delivered by N. Christopher Phillips, serves as an introduction to group actions on C*-algebras and their crossed products, with emphasis on the simple case and when the crossed products are classifiable. The third one, given by David Kerr, treats various developments related to measure-theoretic and topological aspects of crossed products, focusing on internal and external approximation concepts, both for groups and C*-algebras. Finally, the last series of lectures, delivered by Thierry Giordano, is devoted to the theory of topological orbit equivalence, with particular attention to the classification of minimal actions by finitely generated abelian groups on the Cantor set.
This book provides an elementary introduction, complete with detailed proofs, to the celebrated tilings of the plane discovered by Sir Roger Penrose in the '70s. Quasi-periodic tilings of the plane, of which Penrose tilings are the most famous example, started as recreational mathematics and soon attracted the interest of scientists for their possible application in the description of quasi-crystals. The purpose of this survey, illustrated with more than 200 figures, is to introduce the curious reader to this beautiful topic and be a reference for some proofs that are not easy to find in the literature. The volume covers many aspects of Penrose tilings, including the study, from the point of view of Connes' Noncommutative Geometry, of the space parameterizing these tilings.