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"Inuit and their ancestors have inhabited the Canadian Arctic since time immemorial. Archaeological evidence indicates evidence of human habitation in the Arctic dating to 4,000 B.C.E., and modern Inuit migrated east from Alaska to populate the western and eastern Arctic, northern Quebec, and Labrador about 1,000 years ago. For generations, Inuit maintained patterns of seasonal migrations that were based on the availability of natural resources. Inuit first encountered European peoples through Erik the Red's tenth century Icelandic voyages to Newfoundland and Labrador. In the late fifteenth century, European explorers began to arrive on the northeast coast of North America, searching for gold and a Northwest Passage to Asia. Moravian missionaries established the first permanent settlements among Labrador Inuit in 1765, ministering to health and welfare needs, and encouraging their commercial fishing operations"--Executive summary, p. i.
Inuit have lived in Canada's north since time immemorial. The Canadian government's administration of Inuit affairs, however, has been generally shorter and is less well understood than the federal government's relations with First Nations and Métis. We hope to correct some of this knowledge imbalance by providing an overview of the federal government's Inuit policy and program development from first contact to 2006. Topics that are covered by this book include the 1939 Re Eskimo decision that gave Canada constitutional responsibility for Inuit, post World War II acculturation and defence projects, law and justice, sovereignty and relocations, the E-number identification system, Inuit political organizations, comprehensive claim agreements, housing, healthcare, education, economic development, self-government, the environment and urban issues. In order to develop meaningful forward-looking policy, it is essential to understand what has come before and how we got to where we are. We believe that this book will be a valuable contribution to a growing body of knowledge about Canada-Inuit relations, and will be an indispensable resource to all students of federal Inuit and northern policy development.
From Talking Chiefs to a Native Corporate Elite traces the development of class relations and collective identity among Canadian Inuit over several centuries of contact with Western capitalism. Marybelle Mitchell provides a complete history of Inuit-white relations, starting with the first contact with European explorers in the sixteenth century and ending with ratification of the Nunavut proposal to create an Inuit homeland through division of the Northwest Territories.
This collection of timely essays by Canadian scholars explores the fundamental link between the development of aboriginal culture and economic patterns. The contributors draw on original research to discuss Megaprojects in the North, the changing role of native women, reserves and devices for assimilation, the rebirth of the Canadian Metis, aboriginal rights in Newfoundland, the role of slave-raiding, and epidemics and firearms in native history.
Indigenous Nationals/Canadian Citizens begins with a detailed policy history from first contact to the Sesquicentennial with major emphasis on the evolution of Canadian policy initiatives relating to Indigenous peoples. This is followed by a focus on the key Supreme Court decisions that have dramatically enhanced Indigenous peoples' legal and constitutional rights. Attention is then directed to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the associated "Calls to Action," including their relationship to the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. With this as backdrop the focus turns to envisioning a brighter future for First Peoples beginning with the adoption of an analytical framework. After rejecting Indigenous nationals, Indigenous citizens (the traditional AFN position) and Canadian nationals, Canadian citizens (the Chr tien-Trudeau White Paper proposal), the chosen framework is Indigenous nationals, Canadian citizens. The two penultimate chapters address the manner in which this model has been successfully applied to the 14 Yukon First Nations as well as to the four Inuit land claims agreements. The final substantive chapter applies the Indigenous nationals, Canadian citizens model to the 70-plus First Nations in Saskatchewan (referred to as CSIN, the Commonwealth of Sovereign Indigenous Nations). In essence, CSIN would embrace provincial-type powers within, and closely integrated with, the province of Saskatchewan. Among other features, CSIN would embody the requisite degree of scale economies, self-government and property rights that are essential for Saskatchewan First Nations to successfully make the transition to Indigenous nationals and Canadian citizens.
Delgamuukw. Sixties Scoop. Bill C-31. Blood quantum. Appropriation. Two-Spirit. Tsilhqot’in. Status. TRC. RCAP. FNPOA. Pass and permit. Numbered Treaties. Terra nullius. The Great Peace… Are you familiar with the terms listed above? In Indigenous Writes, Chelsea Vowel, legal scholar, teacher, and intellectual, opens an important dialogue about these (and more) concepts and the wider social beliefs associated with the relationship between Indigenous peoples and Canada. In 31 essays, Chelsea explores the Indigenous experience from the time of contact to the present, through five categories—Terminology of Relationships; Culture and Identity; Myth-Busting; State Violence; and Land, Learning, Law, and Treaties. She answers the questions that many people have on these topics to spark further conversations at home, in the classroom, and in the larger community. Indigenous Writes is one title in The Debwe Series.
Images of Canadianness offers backgrounds and explanations for a series of relevant--if relatively new--features of Canada, from political, cultural, and economic angles. Each of its four sections contains articles written by Canadian and European experts that offer original perspectives on a variety of issues: voting patterns in English-speaking Canada and Quebec; the vitality of French-language communities outside Quebec; the Belgian and Dutch immigration waves to Canada and the resulting Dutch-language immigrant press; major transitions taking place in Nunavut; the media as a tool for self-government for Canada's First Peoples; attempts by Canadian Indians to negotiate their position in society; the Canada-US relationship; Canada's trade with the EU; and Canada's cultural policy in the light of the information highway.
Inuit have lived in Canada's north since time immemorial. The Canadian government's administration of Inuit affairs, however, has been generally shorter and is less well understood than the federal government's relations with First Nations and Métis. We hope to correct some of this knowledge imbalance by providing an overview of the federal government's Inuit policy and program development from first contact to 2006. Topics that are covered by this book include the 1939 Re Eskimo decision that gave Canada constitutional responsibility for Inuit, post World War II acculturation and defence projects, law and justice, sovereignty and relocations, the E-number identification system, Inuit political organizations, comprehensive claim agreements, housing, healthcare, education, economic development, self-government, the environment and urban issues. In order to develop meaningful forward-looking policy, it is essential to understand what has come before and how we got to where we are. We believe that this book will be a valuable contribution to a growing body of knowledge about Canada-Inuit relations, and will be an indispensable resource to all students of federal Inuit and northern policy development.
Critical Inuit Studies offers an overview of the current state of Inuit studies by bringing together the insights and fieldwork of more than a dozen scholars from six countries currently working with Native communities in the far north. The volume showcases the latest methodologies and interpretive perspectives, presents a multitude of instructive case studies with individuals and communities, and shares the personal and professional insights from the fieldwork and thought of distinguished researchers. The wide-ranging topics in this collection include the development of a circumpolar research policy; the complex identities of Inuit in the twenty-first century; the transformative relationship between anthropologist and collaborator; the participatory method of conducting research; the interpretation of body gesture and the reproduction of culture; the use of translation in oral history, memory and the construction of a collective Inuit identity; the intricate relationship between politics, indigenous citizenship and resource development; the importance of place names, housing policies and the transition from igloos to permanent houses; and social networks in the urban setting of Montreal.
The changing roles of native women, devices for assimilation, the re-birth of the Metis: these are among the issues examined in this collection of provocative essays which explore the link between aboriginal culture and economic patterns.