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This paper considers the case for mortgage covered bonds as an alternative to the originate-to-distribute mortgage funding model. It argues that the economic incentives provided to market participants under the covered bonds model are less susceptible to moral hazard even while retaining the key benefits of securitization such as capital market funding and flexibility in risk allocation. Notwithstanding these advantages, however, limited market size and the greater pro-cyclicality of mortgage loan quality in the United States - potentially reflecting borrower incentives under the personal bankruptcy framework - impose limits on the benefits ensuing from this model. The analysis underscores the need for a comprehensive legal-regulatory framework to underpin market development and discusses a number of ways in which the current draft legislation may be further strengthened. A potential strategy to hasten market development within the current institutional framework is identified.
This edition, revised since the subprime mortgage crisis, is designed to provide not only the fundamentals of mortgage-backed securities and the investment characteristics that make them attractive to a broad range of investors, but also extensive coverage of state-of-the-art strategies for capitalizing on the opportunities in this market.
This edition of The Handbook of Mortgage-Backed Securities, the first revision following the subprime mortgage crisis, is designed to provide not only the fundamentals of these securities and the investment characteristics that make them attractive to a broad range of investors, but also extensive coverage on the state-of-the-art strategies for capitalizing on the opportunities in this market. The book is intended for both the individual investor and the professional manager. The volume includes contributions from a wide range of experts most of whom have been actively involved in the evolution of the mortgage-backed securities market.
"The Fourth Edition of a leading resource in the field, this valuable practice tool brings you completely up-to-date on the evolving laws governing banks' securities activities - from regulatory changes in the financial markets and administrative reform to recent court decisions and legislative reform, including the recently enacted Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. Here is everything you need to help build a bank's securities business while avoiding compliance pitfalls. Securities Activities of Banks, Fourth Edition provides: In-depth discussions of the securities activities now permissible for banks, bank holding companies, and financial holding companies, Clear explanations of how securities laws affect banks' securities activities, A complete review of how banks are regulated - including foreign banks and affiliates, Up-to-date analysis of the evolution of the banking laws through agency and court decisions. Detailed descriptions and analyses illuminate the full range of current bank securities activities, including investment and trading activities, brokerage activities, investment advice, underwriting, mutual funds, international securities activities, derivative instruments, deposits and loans, fiduciary activities, and more."--Publisher's website.
Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, government-sponsored enterprises that played a prominent role in the financial crisis of 2008, and the federal government have come to a crossroads. The government must make key decisions about their structure, and indeed, their very existence. The government has played an important role in the American housing market since the early 1930s, when the Great Depression ushered in housing programs to promote a stable society. The government's role expanded further during the recent housing and financial crisis—Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac now dominate the American housing market, backing more than 62 percent of new mortgages and holding more than $5 trillion in accumulated mortgage risk. In The Future of Housing Finance Martin Baily and his associates discuss the issues and options that policymakers face as they reassess the government's role in the U.S. residential mortgage market. While presenting diverse analytical perspectives, including a contribution from former chairman of the Federal Reserve Alan Greenspan, all contributors agree that the government's support for mortgage financing in the recent past was too broad and deep but some role is necessary to maintain the stability of the housing finance market. The Obama administration has recommended reducing the role of Fannie and Freddie while replacing them with a private market approach, but continuing federal support for worthy borrowers. But what will Congress agree to? And how fast will it move on any initiative? Specific topics include: • Introduction of a new system to reduce incentives that encourage excessive risk taking. • Gradual withdrawal of Fannie and Freddie from the housing finance system. • New approaches to regulating mortgage securitization, with financial stability as a primary goal. • Use of government-backed guarantees through institutional structures designed to limit moral hazard.
India has experienced a prolonged period of strong economic growth since it embarked on major structural reforms and economic liberalization in 1991, with real GDP growth averaging about 6.6 percent during 1991–2019. Millions have been lifted out of poverty. With a population of 1.4 billion and about 7 percent of the world economic output (in purchasing power parity terms), India is the third largest economy—after the US and China. As such, developments in India have significant global and regional implications, including via spillovers through international trade and global supply chains. At the same time, India’s economic development has not been linear and has been impacted by external and domestic shocks, some directly related to the financial sector. Indeed, India was not spared from external regional and global shocks, such as the Asian financial crisis (1997), the global financial crisis (2008), and more recently, the devastating impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (from 2020) and the war in Ukraine (2022). The economy has also been hit by domestic shocks. The book covers how to strengthen the financial system to support growth and reduce vulnerabilities by discussing the linkages between the financial sector and growth, improvements in bank lending to foster productivity, and measures to further develop India’s corporate bond market. The book reflects on India’s success in leveraging digitalization to foster financial inclusion and highlights how the financial system can help to address climate issues. This book digs deeper into the various facets of India’s financial sector to understand its strengths and opportunities and to elicit policy actions that could help the financial sector better support India’s growth potential.
Financialization, the increasing influence of financial markets, actors, practices and measurements in political, economic and social life, continues to draw attention from scholars from diverse academic fields. Contributing to the literatures on household financialization, financial market institutionalization and the financialization of nature, this dissertation explores the underlying factors that enabled and facilitated the financialization of Sweden’s growth model. Drawing from the Regulation Approach and heterodox economics, it analyzes how covered bonds, an overlooked topic in financialization studies, have contributed to “de-risking” European financial markets, decelerated the spread of securitization, and enabled an increase in mortgage lending, house price inflation and household indebtedness, especially in Sweden. Zooming in on the Nordic forest industry, the dissertation furthermore elaborates on the differential impact of financialization on non-financial firms. Amid the entrance of shareholder value ideology, it shows how innovation was undermined through R&D downsizing while dividends have been increased to shareholders at labor’s expense. Meanwhile, profitability has been supported by appreciating forest assets that are increasingly treated as a new financial asset class by the financial sector. In addition, providing data on welfare retrenchment, financialization indicators and corporate governance, while app lying a Gramscian Regulation Approach, the dissertation analyzes the structural pressures and the formation of a particular neoliberal hegemony that have shaped the financialization of Sweden’s previously universal welfare sector. Whereas financial markets have been seen as crucial for growth and employment, the dissertation furthermore documents how financial deepening has mainly resulted in increased mortgage lending, while public sector debt has increasingly been perceived as economically detrimental by policymakers. The dissertation finalizes with some stylized facts of financialization in small Wes tern economies and how they relate to Sweden.