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International Review of Neurobiology
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Cyclic nucleotides are intimately involved in the consequences of either stimulation or blockade of receptors; therefore, an understanding of the biochemistry of cyclic nucleotides ought to be important for pharmacologists. Pharmacology is a science that among other things investigates chemical compounds that affect the physiology of cells, tissues and organs. Frequently pharmacologists account for the effect of low concentrations of a drug upon a tissue by invoking the presence of a receptor upon the surface of the cell. Traditional pharmacologists excelled at identifying and classifying the properties of receptors. A. J. CLARK'S monograph in the earlier series of the Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology (CLARK 1937) summarized the mathematics underlying the traditional pharmacological approach towards receptors. By its nature, however, classic pharmacology provided little useful information about the intracellular events occurring as a consequence of occupying a receptor; for example, ALQUIST (1948) identified the beta-adrenocep tor, but he did not provide any insight into how stimulation of the receptor produces tissue-specific physiological responses. The discovery of cyclic AMP by RALL and SUTHERLAND (see RALL, Vol. I) led to biochemical investigations of many different receptors (including ALQUIST'S beta-adrenoceptor) that share a cyclic nucleotide as a common factor in the biochemical mechanisms that translate the occupancy of receptors into physiological effects. Ten years ago, in the introduction to their monograph on cyclic nucleotides, ROBISON et al. (1971) commented on the rapid growth of interest in cyclic nucleotides over the preceding years.
This volume introduces in a coherent and comprehensive fashion the Pan Stanford Series on Nanobiobiotechnology by defining and reviewing the major sectors of Nanobiotechnology and Nanobiosciences with respect to the most recent developments. Nanobiotechnology indeed appears capable of yielding a scientific and industrial revolution along the routes correctly foreseen by the numerous programs on Nanotechnology launched over the last decade by numerous Councils and Governments worldwide, beginning in the late 1995 by the Science and Technology Council in Italy and by the President Clinton in USA and ending this year with President Putin in Russian Federation.
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The completely revised and expanded third edition offers a comprehensive, up-to-date overview of the diagnostics of endocrine function as well as normal reference values for the differential diagnosis of the major endocrine disorders in the pediatric and adolescent age group. Leading international specialists present in-depth rational diagnostic strategies based on pathogenetic considerations and extensive personal experience. Recent developments in assay and imaging techniques are presented in detail, and their clinical relevance is evaluated. Easy-to-use tables and figures allow quick reference. Flowcharts of possible diagnostic pathways lead to the most frequent diagnoses. With its broad range of diagnostic methods and protocols in compact and readable form, this volume will be an indispensable reference tool not only for endocrinologists but also for pediatricians and professionals in other specialties seeking guidance on how to deal with complex differential diagnostic situations.
Incorporating a bench-top format, G Proteins: Techniques of Analysis covers essential methods - with a commitment to those techniques of proven and current utility. It offers an in-depth description of protocols, together with theory and representative data. It includes expression and functional analysis of G proteins; evaluation of covalent modifications and other regulatory phenomena; and, mapping pathways established among receptors, G proteins, and effectors. Incorporating contributors from key institutions, each contributor offers clear instructions to establish a synthesized, concise and consistent approach to each chapter, which is beneficial to both students and professionals.