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Combining theories of calculation and property relations and using an array of archival sources, this book focuses on the building and decommissioning of state-owned defense factories in World War II-era Chicago. Robert Lewis's rich trove of material--drawn from research on more than six hundred federally funded wartime industrial sites in metropolitan Chicago--supports three major conclusions. First, the relationship of the key institutions of the military-industrial complex was refashioned by their calculative actions on industrial property. The imperatives of war forced the federal state and the military to become involved in industrial matters in an entirely new manner. Second, federal and military investment in defense factories had an enormous effect on the industrial geography of metropolitan Chicago. The channeling of huge lumps of industrial capital into sprawling plants on the urban fringe had a decisive impact on the metropolitan geographies of manufacturing. Third, the success of industrial mobilization was made possible through the multi-scale relations of national and locational interaction. National policy could only be realized by the placing of these relations at the local level. Throughout, Lewis shows how the interests of developers, factory engineers, corporate executives, politicians, unions, and the working class were intimately bound up with industrial space. Offering a local perspective on a city permanently shaped by national events, this book provides a richer understanding of the dynamics of wartime mobilization, the calculative actions of political and business leaders, the social relations of property, the working of state-industry relations, and the making of industrial space.
The use of ion beams for the modification of the structure and properties of the near-surface region of ceramics began in earnest in the early 19805. Since the mechanical properties of such materials are dominated by surface flaws and the surface stress state, the use of surface modification tech niques would appear to be an obvious application. As is often the case in research and development, most of the initial studies can be characterized as cataloging the response of various ceramic materials to a range of ion beam treatments. The systematic study of material and ion beam parameters is well underway and we are now designing experiments to provide specific information about the processing parameter - structure-property rela tionships. This NATO-Advanced Study Institute was convened in order to assess our current state of knowledge in this field, to identify opportunities and needs for further research, and to identify the potential of such processes for technological application. It became apparent that this class of inorganic compounds, loosely termed ceramics, presents many challenges to the understanding of ion-solid inter actions, the relationships among ion-beam parameters, materials parameters, and the resulting structures, as well as relationships between structure and properties. In many instances, this understanding will represent a major extension of that learned from the study of metals and semiconductors.
The dramatic implosions of the centrally administered, non-democratic political systems in central and eastern Europe in the late 1980s have generated a body of research concerning the transition from public ownership, and the role of the market and other institutions in engendering good incentives for economic actors. The essays collected in this volume study property relations, their associated incentives and the consequent effects on welfare: the ubiquitous theme is that efficiency cannot be divorced from the distribution of productive assets.
Computational Methods for Microstructure-Property Relationships introduces state-of-the-art advances in computational modeling approaches for materials structure-property relations. Written with an approach that recognizes the necessity of the engineering computational mechanics framework, this volume provides balanced treatment of heterogeneous materials structures within the microstructural and component scales. Encompassing both computational mechanics and computational materials science disciplines, this volume offers an analysis of the current techniques and selected topics important to industry researchers, such as deformation, creep and fatigue of primarily metallic materials. Researchers, engineers and professionals involved with predicting performance and failure of materials will find Computational Methods for Microstructure-Property Relationships a valuable reference.
Wen-Dan Cheng, Chen-Sheng Lin, Wei-Long Uhang, Hao Zhang: Structural Designs and Property Characterizations for Second-Harmonic Generation Materials.- Fang Kong, Chuan-Fu Sun, Bing-Ping Yang, Jiang-Gao Mao: Second-order Non-linear Optical Materials based on Metal Iodates, Selenites and Tellurites.- Guo-Fu Wang: Structure, growth, nonlinear optics and laser properties of RX3(BO3)4 (R=Y, Gd, La; X=Al, Sc).- Chaoyang Tu, Zhaojie Zhu, Zhenyu You, Jianfu Li, Yan Wang, Alain Brenier: The Recent Development of Borate SF-conversion Laser Crystal.- Ning Ye: Structure design and crystal growth of UV nonlinear borate materials.- Yi-Zhi Huang, Li-Ming Wu, Mao-Chun Hong: Cation Effect in Doped BBO and Halogen Anion Effect in Pb2B5O9X (X– = I–, Br–, Cl–).
This book contains a collection of original research papers which were presented in honor of the Bordon Award recipient, Professor Eric Baer, on the occasion of the 55th Meeting of the American Chemical Society (Atlanta, Georgia, March, 1981). The contributors are present or former colleagues and students who have worked with him in the Department of Macromolecular Science at Case Institute of Technology of Case Western Reserve University. Throughout his work, Eric Baer has attempted to find the relation ships of solid state structure and hierarchy to the resultant pro perties from which specific functions are derived. Although he has studied many seemingly unrelated subjects, from irreversible de formation, mechanics and yield processes in amorphous polymeric solids to structural organization and mechanical function of ten don, his unique goal has been to develop models from the real structure that would allow a quantitative description of properties. Today, this area of "microscience" is rapidly expanding as new and sophisticated applications of polymeric materials with multifunc tional properties are emerging from our understanding and control of the solid state. The wide-ranging ideas and the original ity of Professor Baer's contributions have stimulated many new concepts which are now widely accepted in the field of high polymers. The contributions to this volume represent many of the areas which he has explored.
This update to a classic reference text provides practising engineers and scientists with accurate thermophysical property data for cryogenic fluids. The equations for fifteen important cryogenic fluids are presented in a basic format, accompanied by pressure-enthalpy and temperature-entropy charts and tables of thermodynamic properties. It begins with a chapter introducing the thermodynamic relations and functional forms for equations of state, and goes on to describe the requirements for thermodynamic property formulations, needed for the complete definition of the thermodynamic properties of a fluid. The core of the book comprises extensive data tables and charts for the most commonly-encountered cryogenic fluids. This new edition sees significant updates to the data presented for air, argon, carbon monoxide, deuterium, ethane, helium, hydrogen, krypton, nitrogen and xenon. The book supports and complements NIST’s REFPROP - an interactive database and tool for the calculation of thermodynamic properties of cryogenic fluids.
This collection of research and review papers is aimed at depicting the state of the art on the possible correlations between processing variables, obtained structure and special properties which this structure induces on the plastic part. The extraordinary capacity of plastics to modify their properties according to a particular structure is evidenced for several transformation processes and for many applications. The final common goal is to take profit of this peculiar capacity of plastics by inducing, through a suitable processing, a specific spatial organization.
This book offers a full account of thermodynamic systems in chemical engineering. It provides a solid understanding of the basic concepts of the laws of thermodynamics as well as their applications with a thorough discussion of phase and chemical reaction equilibria. At the outset the text explains the various key terms of thermodynamics with suitable examples and then thoroughly deals with the virial and cubic equations of state by showing the P-V-T (pressure, molar volume and temperature) relation of fluids. It elaborates on the first and second laws of thermodynamics and their applications with the help of numerous engineering examples. The text further discusses the concepts of exergy, standard property changes of chemical reactions, thermodynamic property relations and fugacity. The book also includes detailed discussions on residual and excess properties of mixtures, various activity coefficient models, local composition models, and group contribution methods. In addition, the text focuses on vapour-liquid and other phase equilibrium calculations, and analyzes chemical reaction equilibria and adiabatic reaction temperature for systems with complete and incomplete conversion of reactants. Key Features  Includes a large number of fully worked-out examples to help students master the concepts discussed.  Provides well-graded problems with answers at the end of each chapter to test and foster students’ conceptual understanding of the subject. The total number of solved examples and end-chapter exercises in the book are over 600.  Contains chapter summaries that review the major concepts covered. The book is primarily designed for the undergraduate students of chemical engineering and its related disciplines such as petroleum engineering and polymer engineering. It can also be useful to professionals. The Solution Manual containing the complete worked-out solutions to chapter-end exercises and problems is available for instructors.