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This qualitative study addressed the research question, what are the perspectives and experiences related to breast cancer and breast cancer screening of African American women residing in rural eastern North Carolina? A literature review indicated little research related to the perceptions and experiences of rural African American women about breast cancer and breast cancer screening. In a previously conducted unpublished larger study (Burke, Barrett, & Cherry, 2009), the perspectives of women from rural North Carolina about breast cancer and breast cancer screening were collected by means of focus group interviews. The researcher in the present study conducted a qualitative analysis of data from a sub-set of focus group interviews that involved African American women. A qualitative approach in this study afforded an opportunity to gain insight into African American women's experiences and views regarding breast cancer and breast cancer screening. The researcher analyzed transcripts from three focus group interviews that involved 17 African American women residing in rural eastern North Carolina. Five themes that emerged from the data were: knowledge and beliefs about breast cancer, influences on breast cancer screening behaviors, personal experience with screening, emotional reactions to discussing breast cancer and breast cancer screening, and promoting breast cancer screening. Key findings related to these emergent themes included a self-perceived low level of knowledge about breast cancer, cultural views about various causes of breast cancer, perspectives about mammograms, perceived barriers to breast cancer screening, the influence of faith on breast cancer and breast cancer screening, personal experiences with breast cancer screening, fear as a commonly shared reaction to breast cancer and breast cancer screening, and best practices for promoting breast cancer awareness and education. The researcher identified a need for future research on the topic of minority health in rural populations, specifically around breast cancer screenings and preventive health. An analysis of a sub-set of qualitative data provided by African American women and a comparison of findings with the research literature led the researcher to recommend that tailored health education be provided African American women on the topic of breast cancer and breast cancer screening.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in African-American women. Studies have reported that African-American women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and have a higher mortality rate than White women. Despite this, African-American women are less likely than White women to avail themselves of the benefits of screening mammography. This is most often attributed to lack of education, lack of access, and low socioeconomic status. However, it has been repeatedly shown that when socioeconomic, educational, and logistic barriers are minimized, African-Americans continue to underutilize these screening procedures. In this study, breast cancer screening behaviors and the factors that influence those behaviors are measured by means of a survey questionnaire distributed to members of a defined population of African-American and White women with comparable levels of education, health care access, and socioeconomic status. This report describes the background, objectives, and procedures of this study, and details the work carried out in Year 01, including selection of the sample, pilot testing, finalizing materials and procedures, creation of the project database, hiring of personnel. and preliminary mailings.
The objective of this study is to examine the knowledge of breast cancer screening among African-American women. A descriptive design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 80 African-American women participated in this study. This researcher, from existing literature, developed a questionnaire regarding risk factors, mammograms, and breast self-examination. The findings of this study imply that there is a crucial need to educate women in the African- American community about the importance of breast cancer screening. This is consistent with the research findings cited in this study. With greater knowledge and earlier detection, the breast cancer mortality rate might decrease among African-American women.
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in African-American women. Studies have reported that African-American women with breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed at a later stage of the disease and have a higher mortality rate than white women. Despite this, African-American women are less likely than White women to avail themselves of the benefits of screening mammography. This is most often attributed to lack of education, lack of access, and low socioeconomic status. However, it has been repeatedly shown that when socioeconomic, educational, and logistic barriers are minimized, African-Americans continue to underutilize these screening procedures. In this study, breast cancer screening behaviors and the factors that influence those behaviors were measured by means of a survey questionnaire distributed to members of a defined population of African-American and White women with potentially comparable levels of education, health care access, and socioeconomic status. This report describes the background, objectives, and procedures of this study, and details the work carried out in Year 02, including data collection and analysis. A total of 782 usable surveys were returned from female public school teachers in Philadelphia aged 40 and older. White respondents were more likely than African-Americans to be married or cohabiting, and had significantly higher annual household incomes; they were also more likely to have been adherent to mammography guidelines over the previous five years and to say that they would definitely get a mammogram in the next 24 months. African-Americans, by contrast, were more likely than Whites to have practiced regular breast self-examination. When demographic and health- related factors were controlled for, however, no significant effect of race on mammography adherence or intentions was found.
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