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The authors present new CDF results on the branching fractions and time-integrated direct CP asymmetries for B{sup 0} and B{sub s}{sup 0} decay modes into pairs of charmless charged hadrons (pion or kaon). The data set for this update amounts to 1 fb{sup -1} of {bar p}p collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV. They report the first observation of the B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup -}{pi}{sup +} mode and a measurement of its branching fraction and direct CP asymmetry. They also observe for the first time two charmless decays of b-baryon: {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} p{pi}{sup -} and {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} pK{sup -}.
CP violation is one of the most subtle effects in the Standard Model of particle physics and may be the first clue to the physics that lies beyond. Charge conjugation, C, and parity, P, are symmetries of particle interactions. C corresponds to the operation of replacing a particle by its antiparticle, while P is the operation of mirror reflection. Before 1956, it was believed that these were also symmetries of the interactions of elementary particles. In 1956, C S Wu found evidence for P violation in the weak interaction. Theorists proposed that the combination of CP would be a symmetry of the weak interaction. In 1964, Christenson, Cronin, Fitch and Turlay found the first evidence for the violation of CP symmetry in the decays of kaons.Although Kobayashi and Maskawa then showed how the Standard Model can accommodate the observed CP violation, Wolfenstein pointed out that it is also possible that there is a new interaction in addition to the usual four, called the superweak interaction, which is responsible for the asymmetry. To test this idea, the observation of a different type of asymmetry, called direct CP violation, is required; in the kaon sector, very precise measurements of the ratio of kaon decay rates are necessary. In B decay modes where a second order weak process whimisically named “penguin” interferes with another suppressed, first order “tree” amplitude, it may also be possible to observe these direct CP-violating effects.B physics and CP violation is now one of the major growth areas in high energy physics. Nearly every major high energy physics laboratory now has a project underway to observe the large CP asymmetries expected in the B sector and to test the consistency of the Standard Model. The unitarity of the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix in the Standard Model implies the existence of three phases, called alpha, beta and gamma, which can be determined by the measurements of CP asymmetries in B decays. About 200 participants gathered in Hawaii in March 1997 to discuss the progress in the field, and this important book constitutes the proceedings of that conference.
Relative branching fractions of B{sub d, s}{sup 0} {yields} h{sup +}h'{sup -} decays (where h, h' = K or {pi}) and the direct Cp asymmetry A{sub CP} in the B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -} mode are measured with 179 {+-} 11 pb {sup -1} of data collected using the CDF II detector at the Fermilab Tevatron p{bar p} collider. The first branching-fraction measurement of a B{sub s}{sup 0} meson to two pseudoscalars, {Beta}(B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +} K{sup -}), and a search for the baryon mode {Lambda}{sub b}{sup 0} {yields} p{sup +} h{sup -} are also presented, in addition to branching-fraction limits on the rare channels B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +} {pi}{sup -}, B{sub d}{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -}, and B{sub s}{sup 0} {yields} {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}.
Relative branching fractions of B{sub d, s} {yields} h{sup +}h'{sup -} decays (where h, h' = K or {pi}) and direct CP asymmetry in B{sub d} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -} have been measured with 180 pb{sup -1} of data collected by the CDFII detector at the Tevatron collider. This includes the first BR measurement of a charmless B{sub s} {yields} PP decay (B{sub s} {yields} K{sup +}K{sup -}).
We present CDF results on the branching fractions and time-integrated direct CP asymmetries for B0 and B0s decay modes into pairs of charmless charged hadrons (pions or kaons). We report also the first observation of B0s->DsK mode and the measurement of its branching fraction.
The authors present preliminary measurements of the branching fraction and the CP-violating charge asymmetry in the B --> K°?+ decay, and a preliminary measurement of the branching fraction of the B° --> K°{bar K}° decay. No evidence of direct CP violation in the B+ --> K°?+ mode is observed. The B° --> K°{bar K}° measurement constitutes the first observation of this decay channel: the probability of obtaining the result assuming the null-signal hypothesis is 3.4 x 10−6. The authors have also searched for the B+ --> {bar K}°K+ decay and set an upper limit on its branching fraction at 2.35 x 10−6 at the 90% C.L. The branching-fraction measurements reported here are consistent with previous measurements of the same quantities, but are extracted from a data sample larger by a factor of 2.6.
We report the first reconstruction in hadron collisions of the suppressed decays B-2!D(2!K+[pi]- )K- and B-2!D(2!K+[pi]- )[pi]- decays, sensitive to the CKM phase [gamma], using data from 7 fb-1 of integrated luminosity collected by the CDF II detector at the Tevatron collider. We reconstruct a signal for the B-2!D(2!K+[pi]- )K- suppressed mode with a significance of 3.2 standard deviations, and measure the ratios of the suppressed to favored branching fractions R(K) = [22.0 " 8.6(stat) " 2.6(syst)] x 10-3, R+(K) = [42.6 " 13.7(stat) " 2.8(syst)] x 10-3, R-(K) = [3.8 " 10.3(stat) " 2.7(syst)] x 10-3 as well as the direct CP-violating asymmetry A(K) = -0.82"0.44(stat)"0.09(syst) of this mode. Corresponding quantities for B- 2!D(2!K+[pi]- )[pi]- decay are also reported.
CP violation was first observed in 1964, but only in 1999 did we gain much greater experimental insight. Direct CP violation finally appeared in the form of ε′/ε in the K system. Indirect CP violation in B → J/Ψ Ks decay, the raison d'être for construction of e+e- B factories, was first sniffed out at the proton-antiproton collider. The asymmetric B factories — BABAR at SLAC and BELLE at KEK — were completed, while the symmetric B factory at Cornell was upgraded to CLEO-III. It seems that everyone is positioning himself for the great competition on “B Physics and CP Violation”, racing to unravel the Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix, especially the size and origin of CP phases. The change of millennium provides a dramatic backdrop.To have intensive discussions at the technical level, to create broader interest in the subject, and to maximize interaction between experimenters and theorists, this book starts with the status of B factories: accelerator, detector and physics analysis. Following an overview of B physics and the CKM matrix, it delves into the details of lifetime, spectroscopy and decays, with even more specialized discussions on rare decays, direct and indirect CP violation, factorization and final state interactions, determination of unitarity phases, etc. Topics on ε′/ε, rare K decay, charm and hyperon systems, and various T, CP and CPT tests are also discussed at length. The book closes with the outlook for hadron machines and the prospects for new physics. A special feature is that there are two summary talks, one on experiment and the other on theory. The book is further augmented by two dozen excellent contributed talks.
We present preliminary measurements of branching fractions and direct CP violating asymmetries in charmless two-body B decays, obtained with the BABAR detector using a sample of 227M {Upsilon}(4S) {yields} B{bar B} decays. We report the first observation of B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup 0}{bar K}{sup 0} and the first observation of direct CP violation in B{sup 0} {yields} K{sup +}{pi}{sup -} decays.
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on B Physics and CP Violation, held in Taipei, Taiwan, December 3-7, 1999. The main focus of the conference was to discuss the state of the art and future prospects of the field, at a high technical level. The fifth conference is to be held in May 2002 in Philadelphia. The Fourth took place in Central Japan in February 2001.zation.