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The last two decades have seen prodigious growth in the application of brain imaging methods to questions of substance abuse and addiction. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the central effects of drugs provided by preclinical data, relatively little direct evidence was known of how substances of abuse affect the brain and other eNS processes in humans. Brain imaging techniques have allowed access to the human brain and enabled the asking of questions never before imagined. The positron emission tomography (PET) data ofVolkow and her colleagues in the late 1980s, showing the uptake and time course of cocaine's binding in the human brain, revealed for the first time the distinct sites of action of this drug. This work was extremely important because it showed clearly, through imaging a drug in the brain of a living human, that the time course of its action paralleled the behavioral state of "high. " This study marked a turning point in our understanding of drug-brain-behav ior interactions in humans. Many more investigations of drug effects on the structure and function of the human brain were soon to follow, leading to much better insights into brain systems. Brain imaging allowed for the direct assessment of structural and functional anatomy, biology, and chemistry in substance abusers.
With the growing availability and decreasing cost of brain imaging technologies, it has become possible for researchers, physicians, forensics experts, and legal professionals to study brain changes in humans associated with substance abuse. In Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse: Research, Clinical, and Forensic Applications, highly experienced clinical researchers from diverse fields describe the use of electroencephalography, emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to study the neural effects of substance abuse. The authors detail the effects of drugs, including alcohol, benzodiazepines, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, and solvents on brain electrical activity, metabolism, hemodynamics, receptor and neurotransmitter levels, neurochemistry, and structure. The striking findings they report emerge from more than 1350 articles in some 320 journals, and are organized by method, abused substance and drug use state. The book examines the most commonly used neuropsychological tests and highlights associations between neuroimaging findings and behavior. Comprehensive and readily accessible, Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse: Research, Clinical, and Forensic Applications offers psychiatrists, radiologists, neurologists, pharmacologists, physiologists, psychologists, substance abuse specialists, and legal professionals a broad yet thoroughly integrated understanding of the methods and results obtained with clinical neuroimaging studies of substance abuse today.
Neuroscience for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Rehabilitation: Constructs and Drugs is the latest volume from Progress in Brain Research focusing on new trends and developments in addiction research. This established international series examines major areas of basic and clinical research within neuroscience, as well as popular emerging subfields such as addiction. This volume takes an integrated approach to review and summarize some of the most recent progress from the subfield of addiction research, with particular emphasis on potential applications in a clinical setting. Explores new trends and developments in basic and clinical research in the addiction subfield of neuroscience Uses an integrated approach to review and summarize recent progress Emphasizes potential applications in a clinical setting Enhances the literature of neuroscience by further expanding the established international series Progress in Brain Research
Extracted from the Drug Abuse Handbook, 2nd edition, to give you just the information you need at an affordable price. Beginning with a detailed look at individual drugs and their effects on the brain, Neurochemistry of Abused Drugs considers the changes in neurotransmitter levels and discusses the relationship of these
Imaging the Addicted Brain, the latest volume in the International Review of Neurobiology series will appeal to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume focusses on the imaging of the brain addicted to food, gambling, tobacco, and opiates. Offers a unique perspective on how addiction affects the brain Covers a broad scope of addictions, including food, gambling, tobacco, and common psychogenic agents with a focus on their effects on the brain Focuses on the use of medical imaging methods, especially MRI, to explore and explain addiction in the brain
Imaging Drug Action in the Brain is an outstanding reference that provides detailed methodological information and presents a current review of information obtained using various methods to delineate the neuroanatomy of drug action. It presents material covering selective lesioning and intracranial injections in intact animals. It examines various applications of receptor binding techniques and their importance in pharmacology. In vivo metabolic mapping studies to delineate the distributions of action of psychoactive drugs in animals are reviewed in detail. Imaging Drug Action in the Brain presents recent advances in extending these types of studies to human investigations, using positron emission tomography (PET) scanning and electrophysiological imaging techniques. Applications of immunocytochemical and molecular biology techniques in studies of drug action are explained. Imaging Drug Action in the Brain is the only book that encompasses all of these techniques with up-to-date examples of their applications. It is an essential resource for researchers in the fields of neuropharmacology, neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and nuclear medicine.
As neuroimaging becomes more widespread, it is increasingly being used in the courts, even though understanding and interpreting neuroimaging methods and results can be very challenging – even without attempting to evaluate their potential applications to forensic questions. The sheer volume of available information, research results, and opinions can seem intimidating to forensic practitioners and to mental health professionals in general. This will be the first book dedicated to this important topic. Designed as a reference for forensic psychiatrists, it starts with a brief overview of the psychiatric applications of the primary neuroimaging techniques currently in most widespread use, positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Subsequent chapters explore the current and potential uses of neuroimaging in civil and criminal forensic contexts. Diagnostic categories addressed include traumatic brain injury, dementia, psychopathy, paraphilias, psychoses and mood disorders. Legal concepts such as admissibility, relevance, and standards of proof are reviewed as they relate to the possible uses of neuroimaging findings in legal proceedings; prior precedents and court decisions are also reviewed. Novel potential applications of neuroimaging, including detection of deception and identification of memory or recognition, are addressed in dedicated chapters. There is a growing body of writing on the ethical implications of neuroimaging in the legal context, but this has largely been in bioethics journals that have limited readership among members of the mental health profession. Ethical questions generated by the rapidly evolving field of forensic neuroimaging are explored in detail in a dedicated chapter. This book will be of great use to practicing forensic psychiatrists, forensic psychologists and forensic neurologists as they are increasingly likely to find themselves being asked to give professional opinions regarding the impact of neuroimaging findings on medicolegal questions such as competence, criminal responsibility, personal injury and disability. The book will be an invaluable resource for forensic practitioners seeking to understand and navigate this new area.
This book describes what molecular imaging is, how it developed, what are its basic principles, and what it has told us and can tell us about the chemistry of the human brain. Everyone today is conscious of the fact that there is chemistry going on in the brain, and that it is affected by widely used pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs. This book will elucidate these topics in an interesting, historical and philosophical way. The book is a valuable reference resource for all those in nuclear medicine and radiology as well the educated general public.
Neuroimaging in Addiction presents an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the functional and structural imaging human studies that have greatly advanced our understanding of this complex disorder. Approaching addiction from a conceptual rather than a substance-specific perspective, this book integrates broad neuropsychological constructs that consider addiction as a neuroplastic process with genetic, developmental, and substance-induced contributions. The internationally recognized contributors to this volume are leaders in clinical imaging with expertise that spans the addiction spectrum. Following a general introduction, an overview of neural circuitry and modern non-invasive imaging techniques provides the framework for subsequent chapters on reward salience, craving, stress, impulsivity and cognition. Additional topics include the use of neuroimaging for the assessment of acute drug effects, drug-induced neurotoxicity, non-substance addictive behaviors, and the application of imaging genetics to identify unique intermediate phenotypes. The book concludes with an exploration of the future promise for functional imaging as guide to the diagnosis and treatment of addictive disorders. Scientists and clinicians will find the material in this volume invaluable in their work towards understanding the addicted brain, with the overall goal of improved prevention and treatment outcomes for patients. Features a Foreword by Edythe London, Director of the Center for Addictive Behaviors, University of California at Los Angeles.
This book offers a comprehensive overview of the forensic and radiological aspects of pathological findings, focusing on the most relevant medico-legal issues, such as virtual autopsy (virtopsy), anthropometric identification, post-mortem decomposition features and the latest radiological applications used in forensic investigations. Forensic medicine and radiology are becoming increasingly relevant in the international medical and legal field as they offer essential techniques for determining cause of death and for anthropometric identification. This is highly topical in light of public safety and economic concerns arising as a result of mass migration and international tensions. The book discusses the latest technologies applied in the forensic field, in particular computed tomography and magnetic resonance, which are continuously being updated. Radiological techniques are fundamental in rapidly providing a full description of the damage inflicted to add to witness and medical testimonies, and forensic/radiological anthropology supplies valuable evidence in cases of violence and abuse. Written by international experts, it is of interest to students and residents in forensic medicine and radiology. It also presents a new approach to forensic investigation for lawyers and police special corps as well as law enforcement agencies.