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Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject Politics - Region: Australia, New Zealand, grade: 1.7, University of Münster, language: English, abstract: Australia is an inclusive and tolerant society, a nation build up by multicultural people from different homelands and cultural backgrounds. It’s national identity is minted by this cultural diversity in all spheres of Australian life. Therefore Australia persues the policy of multiculturalism. Since World War II the former “white australia policy” has disintegrated more and more. So the ethnic-discriminating policy changed into the open minded policy today. “This policy evolved from profound changes to Australian society resulting from a major influx of migrants and has been maintained and furthered on a non-partisan basis by successive governments.” (DIMIA 2001: 1) However even Australia perceives the pressure of Demographic changes. The change in the demographic structure because of declines in fertility rate requires an elementary Impact on Australia's economy. Recent demographic changes have implications for many fields of economic life, including workforce structure, retirement incomes, health expenditures, and consumption of goods and services. (cp. PC-GOV 2004) Like in other Western high-income countries, Australia tries to compensate for some of the problems caused by demographic change by concentrating on (highly-)skilled workers; the magic words are “brain-gain and brain-drain”. Both terms apply to scientists, physicians , medical practitioners, engineers and other professionals from less-developed countries moving to work in high-income countries. The effects of gaining and draining have a positive impact on the affected countries of getting highly-skilled workers or losing the important brains, the “education-sector” invested time and money in. This short report is a preliminary estimate of the Australian brain-gain and tries to give some of the main facts of this recent phenomenon.
Part II examines the consequences of brain drain for the sending countries.
"Demonstrates that the study of international migration has really come of age. From acculturation to undocumented immigration, the authors consider more than three dozen concepts at the heart of migration studies. Clearly written in a highly readable style, the book is a valuable resource for students and scholars alike." - Nancy Foner, City University of New York "This very useful and authoritative compendium explicates thirty-eight concepts central to analysis of international migration. It is accessible to undergraduate students and even can enrich graduate courses. It nicely complements books like The Age of Migration or Exceptional People. Concision is a virtue!" - Mark J. Miller, University of Delaware This book provides lucid and intuitive explanations of the most important migration concepts as used in classrooms, among policymakers, and in popular and academic discourse. Arguing that there is a clear need for a better public understanding of migration, it sets out to clarify the field by exploring relevant concepts in a direct and engaging way. Each concept: Includes an easy to understand definition Provides real-world examples Gives suggestions for further reading Is carefully cross-referenced to other related concepts It is an ideal resource for undergraduate and post-graduate students studying migration in sociology, politics, development and throughout the social sciences, as well as scholars in the field and practitioners in governmental and non-governmental organizations.
Diasporas play an increasingly prominent role in discussions on foreign assistance and development policy. Governments of migrant-sending countries are working to attract both the talents and resources of emigrants and their descendants while governments of aid-sending countries hope to improve the outcomes of development assistance by engaging the talents and expertise of diasporas. Independently of governments, many diaspora groups or individuals recognize profitable opportunities in their homelands or contribute their time, talents, and resources to improving the quality of life there. This volume examines the development impact of diasporas in six critical areas: entrepreneurship, capital markets, "nostalgia" trade and "heritage" tourism, philanthropy, volunteerism, and advocacy. It is the result of research commissioned by the U.S. Agency for International Development's Office of Poverty Reduction, Diaspora Networks Alliance. Contributors include Roberto Munster, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Carlyanna Taylor, and Aaron Terrazas.
International migration, the movement of people across international boundaries, has enormous economic, social and cultural implications in both origin and destination countries. Using original research, this title examines the determinants of migration, the impact of remittances and migration on poverty, welfare, and investment decisions, and the consequences of brain drain, brain gain, and brain waste.
For many OECD countries, how to ensure the safe and dignified return to their origin countries of migrants who do not have grounds to remain is a key question. Sustainable Reintegration of Returning Migrants: A Better Homecoming reports the results of a multi-country peer review project carried out by the OECD, with support from the German Corporation for International Cooperation (GIZ) on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).
This is the first book on global teachers and the increasingly important phenomenon of ‘brain circulation’ in the global teaching profession. A teaching qualification is a passport to an international professional career: the global teacher is found in more and more classrooms around the world today. It is a two-way movement. This book looks at the growing importance of immigrant teachers in western countries today and at teachers who exit from western countries (emigrant teachers) seeking teaching experience in other countries. Drawing on the international literature in Europe, North America, Asia and elsewhere supplemented by rich insights derived from recent Australian research, the book outlines the personal, institutional and structural processes nationally and internationally underlying the increasing global circulation of teachers. It identifies the key drivers of global teacher mobility: a range of factors including family, lifestyle, classroom experience, travel, opportunities for advancement, discipline, linguistic skills, taxation rates, cultural factors and institutional frameworks and policy support. The book is the first detailed contemporary account of the experiences of Australian immigrant and emigrant teachers in the schools and communities where they teach and live. It makes an important and original theoretical and empirical contribution to the contemporary fields of sociology of education and immigration studies.
The "Asian migration" controversy of the 1980s in Australia was reminiscent of that a century earlier. However, as this first major study of the "new" Asian migration of the 1980s illustrates, the circumstances and characteristics have been vastly different. The study places Asian immigration in a broader international context in which the emigration to Australia is part of a wider pattern of population movements with diplomatic ramifications and economic implications for both Australia and the emigrants' homeland. This study provides key Australian comparative data to set against the extensive Asian emigration in the 1980s to USA, Canada and New Zealand
Theoretical studies of the determinants of migration by skilled persons and the output and welfare effects of such migration on the migrants and the countries of departure and destination. The volume measures the numbers of highly skilled migrants from different countries to the U.S. and Canada, with an analysis of policy alternatives.
As the India Australia relationship upgrades from 3Cs of Cricket, Curry and Commonwealth to 3Ds of Defence, Diplomacy and Diaspora, the evolving dynamics of the relationship have a huge potential for both the countries. The opportunities provided by the 3Ds are immense and are having incremental, clear and conclusive repercussions for the relationship. Based on Defence, Diplomacy and Diaspora and supported by specifics, India and Australia in Indo-Pacific provides an insight into the interplay between the three Ds and attempts to lend a prognostication for the bilateral relationship.