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This book digs deeper and sheds new light on the decision to start a colony in Australia. He examines the impact of the American War of Independence and Britain's shifting strategic aims, the role of ministerial incompetence and ambition, and the concerns of a turbulent society obsessed with law and order. In doing so, he questions several accepted ideas about how and why Britain set its sights on an Australian colony.
Now in one definitive volume, Botany Bay and the First Fleet is a full, authentic account of the beginnings of modern Australia. In 1787 a convoy of eleven ships, carrying about 1400 people, set out from England for Botany Bay, on the east coast of New South Wales. In deciding on Botany Bay, British authorities hoped not only to rid Britain of its excess criminals, but also to gain a key strategic outpost and take control of valuable natural resources. According to the conventional account, it was a shambolic affair: under-prepared, poorly equipped and ill-disciplined. Here, Alan Frost debunks these myths, and shows that the voyage was in fact meticulously planned – reflecting its importance to Britain’s imperial and commercial ambitions. In his examination of the ships, passengers and preparation, Frost reveals the hopes and schemes of those who engineered the voyage, and the experiences of those who made it. The culmination of thirty-five years’ study of previously neglected archives, Botany Bay and the First Fleet offers new and surprising insights into how Australia came to be.
A fascinating life of Sir Joseph Banks which restores him to his proper place in history as a leading scientific figure of the English Enlightenment As official botanist on James Cook's first circumnavigation, the longest-serving president of the Royal Society, advisor to King George III, the "father of Australia," and the man who established Kew as the world's leading botanical garden, Sir Joseph Banks was integral to the English Enlightenment. Yet he has not received the recognition that his multifarious achievements deserve. In this engaging account, Toby Musgrave reveals the true extent of Banks's contributions to science and Britain. From an early age Banks pursued his passion for natural history through study and extensive travel, most famously on the HMS Endeavour. He went on to become a pivotal figure in the advancement of British scientific, economic, and colonial interests. With his enquiring, enterprising mind and extensive network of correspondents, Banks's reputation and influence were global. Drawing widely on Banks's writings, Musgrave sheds light on Banks's profound impact on British science and empire in an age of rapid advancement.
With jumping crocs in Kakadu, elemental Uluru and Sydney's world-famous surf beaches, Australia is packed full of unforgettable adventures, and The Rough Guide to Australia will ensure you don't miss a thing. Now in its twelfth edition, The Rough Guide to Australia has been fully updated with more insider tips from Rough Guide's expert authors. Detailed full-colour maps help you negotiate the wilds of the Outback or simply find the best place for a flat white. Hand-picked itineraries and inspiring photography make planning a breeze, whether you want to swim with turtles around the Great Barrier Reef or cruise the surf-battered Great Ocean Road. Get to know the best budget-friendly bistros in Melbourne, discover Perth's craft beer scene or join a vineyard tour in the Barossa Valley with our comprehensive reviews. Adding depth to your travels, our Contexts section sheds light on Aboriginal culture, indigenous wildlife and over 40,000 years of Australian history. An indispensable travel companion, The Rough Guide to Australia will help you make the most of your trip of a lifetime.
Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.