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Forces of change; Social and economics systems; Forest area conditions; Terrestrial ecosystems; Water quality, wetlands, and aquatic ecosystems.
These proceedings include 41 papers focusing attention on the need to integrate management of snags - dead or deteriorating trees critical to needs of cavity-dependent wildlife - with other resource uses and demands. Sessions concentrated on management, habitat and species requirements, and monitoring and modeling.
S2We determined population trends and habitat occurrences for bird species in 14 national forests located in the Southern Region from 1992-2004. We estimated population trends for 144 species within: 14 national forests, 10 physiographic areas, and in the Southern Region as a whole. Habitat occurrences were estimated for 114 species based on 13 forest types and four successional stages. We discussed results for 48 species of management concern along with information compiled on conservation status and the U.S. Geological Surveys (USGS) Breeding Bird Survey population trend estimates. There was evidence that populations increased for 42 species and decreased for 38 species on national forests in the Southern Region as a whole. Trends for many species varied widely across physiographic areas and national forests. Most species were found across a variety of habitats, though associations with particular forest types and structural conditions were often apparent. S3.
Riparian zones can be identified by the presence of vegetation that requires free or unbound water or conditions that are more moist than normal (fig. 1) (Franklin and Dyrness 1973, Minore and Smith 1971). Riparian zones can vary considerably in size and vegetative complex because of the many combinations that can be created between water sources (fig. 2) and physical characteristics of a site. Such characteristics include gradient, aspect, topography, soil, type of stream bottom, water quality, elevation, and plant community (Odum 1971). All riparian zones within managed rangelands of the western United States, however, have the following in common: (1) they create well-defined habitat zones within the much drier surrounding areas; (2) they make up a minor proportion of the overall area; (3) they are generally more productive in terms of biomass-plant and animal-than the remainder of the area; and (4) they are a critical source of diversity within rangelands (fig. 3). Carothers (1977), Carothers and Johnson (19751, and Curtis and Ripley (1975) have prepared summary papers on the subject of riparian habitats as associated with both range and forest areas.